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PCS Earth Science

Chapter 19 Vocabulary - Earthquakes

TermDefinition
epicenter point on the Earth's surface directly above the focus of an earthquake
fault fracture or system of fractures in Earth's crust that occurs when stress is applied too quickly or stress is too great
focus point of the initial fault rupture when an earthquake originates that usually lies at least several kilometers beneath Earth's surface
magnitude measure of energy released during an earthquake, which can be described as the Richter Scale
modified Mercalli scale measures earthquake intensity
moment magnitude scale a scale that rates earthquakes by estimating the total energy released by an earthquake
primary wave seismic wave that squeezes and pulls rocks in the same direction that the wave travels, causing rock particles to move back and forth
Richter scale scale used to measure magnitude
secondary wave seismic wave that causes rock particles to move at right angles to the direction of the wave
seismic gap place along an active fault that has not experienced and earthquake in a long time
seismogram record produced by a seismometer that can provide individual tracking of each type of seismic wave
seimometer instrument used to measure horizontal or vertical motion during an earthquake
strain deformation of materials in response to stress
stress forces per unit area that act on a material compression, tension, and shear
surface wave seismic wave that moves in two directions as it passes through rocks, causing the ground to move both up and down and side to side
Tsunami
Created by: Ms.Sala
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