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PCS Earth Science
Chapter 18 Vocabulary - Volcanic Activity
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| batholith | coarse-grained, irregularly shaped, igneous rock mass that covers at least 100 km2 (squared), generally forms 20-30 km below Earth's surface, and is common in the interior of major mountain chains |
| caldera | large crater, up to 50 km in diameter, that can form when the summit (top) or side of the volcano collapses into the magma chamber during or after an eruption |
| cinder-cone volcano | steep-sided, generally small volcano that is built by the accumulation of tephra around the vent |
| composite volcano | large, sloping volcano built by violent eruptions of volcanic fragments and lava that accumulates in alternating layers |
| crater | bowl-shaped depression, usually less than 1 km in diameter, that forms around the central vent at the summit (top) of a volcano |
| dike | pluton that cuts across preexisting rocks and often forms when magma invades cracks in surrounding rock bodies |
| hot-spot | unusually hot area in Earth's mantle that is stationary for long periods of time, where high temperature plumes of mantle material rise toward the surface |
| laccolith | relatively small, mushroom-shaped pluton that forms when magma intrudes into parallel rock layers close to Earth's surface |
| pluton | intrusive igneous rock bodies, including batholiths, stocks, sills, and dikes, formed through mountain-building processes and oceanic-oceanic collisions; can be exposed at Earth's surface due to uplift and erosion |
| pyroclastic flow | swift-moving, potentially deadly clouds of gas, ash, and other volcanic materials produced by a violent eruption |
| shield volcano | broad volcano with gently sloping sides built by non explosive eruptions of basaltic lava that accumulates in layers |
| sill | pluton that forms when magma intrudes parallel rock layers |
| stock | irregularly shaped pluton that is similar to a batholith but smaller, generally forms 10-30 km beneath Earth's surface, and cuts across older rocks |
| tephra | rock fragments, classified by size, that are thrown into the air during a volcanic eruption and fall to the group |
| vent | opening in Earth's crust through which lava erupts and flows out onto the surface |
| viscosity | a substance's internal resistance to flow |
Created by:
Ms.Sala
Popular Earth Science sets