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Cardiovascular Sys
heart, vessels
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Atrium (atria) | upper chambers of the heart. thin walled. Receive blood. Right receives from body, left receives from lungs |
| Ventricle | Lower chambers of the heart. Thicker walled (left is thickest). Send blood to the body (left) and lungs (right) |
| Pulmonary circuit | The flow of blood from the heart to the lungs and back (right ventricle to lungs to left atrium) |
| Systemic circuit | The flow of blood from the heart to the body and back (left ventricle to the body to the right atrium) |
| Aorta | Elastic artery that blood enters from the left ventricle |
| vena cava | Large veins (superior and inferior) that deliver blood to the right atrium from the body |
| Diastole | Period of relaxation of the heart |
| Systole | Period of contraction of the heart |
| SA Node | Pacemaker of the heart. Located in the right atrium. Called the sinoatrial node. Controls heart rate. |
| Venous valve | one way valves in the veins of the legs to prevent blood from back flowing to the feet. Helps return blood to the heart |
| elastic artery | The largest arteries that have elastic walls to expand under pressure. Example: aorta |
| muscular artery | Distributing arteries. Arteries that transport blood to the organs of the body. Muscular walls allow for control of pressure distribution. |
| respiratory pump | Actions in the thoracic cavity (breathing) that help draw venous blood back up to the heart from the lower body. |
| capillaries | Exchange vessels. One cell thick vessels that exchanges gases, nutrients and wastes with cells. |
| veins | Transport vessels that carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart. Smallest called venules. |
| aortic valve | valve between the left ventricle and aorta. One of two semilunar valves. Prevents back flow from aorta to heart. |
| pulmonary valve | valve between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery. One of two semilunar valves in the heart. Prevents backflow. |
| mitral valve (bicuspid) | Also called the left atrioventricular valve. Located between the left atrium and ventricle. Has two flaps. Keeps blood from flowing backwards into the atrium from ventricle. |
| tricuspid valve | Also called the right atrioventricular valve. Located between the right atrium and ventricle. Keeps blood from flowing backward. |
| arrhythmia | an irregular heart beat |
| bradycardia | a slower than normal heart rate (lower than 60 beats per minute) |
| tachycardia | a faster than normal heart rate not due to stress or fear |
| AV node | a node near the AV valve in the right atrium that delays the action potential so that the ventricles contract after the atria. |
| Conduction system | The nodes and fibers in the heart that generate and conduct electrical impulses resulting in the atria and ventricles contracting in a rhythmic way. |
| cardiac cycle | a complete heart beat starting with its generation until the next one. Involves steps (cardiac diastole, atrial systole/ventricular diastole, atrial diastole/ventricular systole) |
| ECG | an electrocardiogram that measure the electrical signals generated and conducted in the heart |
| P wave | atrial depolarization |
| QRS complex | ventricular depolarization |
| T wave | ventricular repolarization |
| Pulse | the surge of blood through the arteries felt at the wrist or throat. Indirect measurement of heart rate. |
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