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volcanoes

vocabulary for volcanoes

TermDefinition
Magma molten material found beneath Earth's crust that forms minerals with large crystals when it cools slowly and minerals with small crystals when it cools quickly
Viscosity a substance's internal resistance to flow
Pluton intrusive igneous rock bodies, including batholiths, stocks, sills and dikes, formed through mountain-building processes and oceanic-oceanic collisions; can be exposed at Earth's surface due to uplift and erosion.
Batholith coarse-grained, irregularly shaped, igneous rock mass that covers at least 100 square km, generally forms 10-30 km below Earth's surface and is common in the interior of major mountain chains.
Stock irregularly shaped pluton that is similar to a batholith but smaller, generally forms 10-30 km beneath Earth's surface, and cuts across older rocks.
Laccolith relatively small, mushroom-shaped pluton that forms when magma intrudes into parallel rock layers close to Earth's surface.
Sill pluton that forms when magma intrudes parallel rock layers
Dike pluton that cuts across preexisting rocks and often forms when magma invades cracks in surrounding rock bodies
Vent opening in Earth's crust through which lava erupts and flows out onto the surface
Crater bowl-shaped depression usually less than 1 km in diameter, that forms around the central vent at the summit of a volcano
Caldera large crater, up to 50 km in diameter, that can form when the summit or side of volcano collapses into themagma chamber during or after an eruption.
Shield volcano broad volcano with gently sloping sides built by nonexplosive eruptions of basaltic lava that accumulates in layers.
Cinder-cone volcano steep-sided, generally small volcano that is built by the accumulation of tephra around the vent
Composite volcano large, sloping volcano built by violent eruptions of volcanic fragments and lava that accumulate in alternating layers.
Tephra rock fragments, classified by size, that are thrown in the air during a volcanic eruption and fall to the ground
Pyroclastic flow swift-moving, potentially deadly clouds of gas, ash, and other volcanic material produced by a violent eruption.
Hot spot unusually hot area in Earth's mantle that is stationary for long periods of time, where high temperature plumes of mantle material rise toward the surface.
Created by: mrsklann
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