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Local Anesthetics
Pharmacology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Who do local anesthetics suppress pain? | By blocking sodium channels and impulse conduction on the neuron |
| How are local anesthetics classified? | As either esters or amides |
| What drugs are often used as adjuncts to local anesthetics? | Vasoconstrictors (i.e., epinephrine) |
| Does epinephrine prolong the effect of local anesthetics? | Yes |
| What are S/S of vasoconstrictor toxicity? | Palpitations, tachycardia, nervousness, and hypertension |
| What are the 3 common local anesthetics? | Lidocaine, procaine, and cocaine |
| When is cocaine most often used? | In nasal surgeries |
| What are some adverse effects of local anesthetics? | Excitation of CNS, bradycardia, cardiac arrest and hypotension |
| Is procaine still used often? | No |
| What is the most widely used local anesthetic? | Lidocaine |
| What is another use for lidocaine other than anesthesia? | Cardiac dysrhythmias (often as an IV push) |
| What is the injection of a local anesthetic into or near nerves that supply the surgical field but at a site distant from the field itself? | Nerve block |
| What should you assess while a patient is under the effects of a nerve block? | Their hands, feet, arms, and lower legs for peripheral pulses, temperature of skin. |
| What is essential in determining when giving a nerve block? | That the numbness goes down, not up. |
| What is a common adverse effect of spinal anesthesia? | Headache |
| When should you call the doctor regarding a headache from spinal anesthesia? | If it worsens when the patient gets up |
Created by:
shrewsburysd
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