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Endocrine Hormones
| Hormone | Target | Effect | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Thyroid Releasing Hormone | Anterior Pituitary | stimulate thyroxine secretion | hypothalamus |
| Human Growth Hormone (hGH) | long bones | increases cell division (growth) | anterior pituitary |
| Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) | thyroid | stimulate thyroxin secretion | anterior pituitary |
| Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH) | adrenal cortex | secretion of cortisol and aldosterone | Anterior Pituitary |
| Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) | growing follicle in ovary | stimulate oogenesis and estrogen production | anterior pituitary |
| Luteinizing Hormone (LH) | maturing follicle and corpus leteum in ovary | stimulate oocyte maturation, ovulation, and then progesterone secretion of corpusluteum | Anterior Pituitary |
| Prolactin (PRL) | mammary glands | stimulate milk production | anterior pituitary |
| Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) | Kidney (collecting duct) | increase re-absorption of water into bloodstream | produced in hypothalamus; stored in posterior pituitary |
| Oxytocin (OCT) | smooth muscle of uterus and breasts | increase contraction of smooth muscle | produced in hypothalamus; stored in posterior pituitary |
| Thyroxine (T4) | Most cells. | increases cells' rate of metabolism an cellular respiration. || Regulation: stimulated by TSH from anterior pituitary --> released thyroxine. Inhibited by negative feedback. High levels of thyroxine inhibit secretion of TSH. | thyroid |
| Calcitonin | Bone; Kidney | take calcium out of the blood and store it in bone; decrease Ca2+ re-absorption | thyroid |
| Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) | Bone, kidney; small intestine | release calcium into bloodstream | parathyroids |
| Cortisol (Glucocorticoids) | liver, muscles; immune system | breakdown of carbohydrates, fat and protein to increase blood glucose levels in times of long term stress; suppress immune system | Adrenal Cortex |
| Aldosterone (Mineralocorticoids) | kidney (distal tubule and collecting duct) | re-absorb Na+ and water into bloodstream | Adrenal Cortex |
| Epinephrine & Norepinephrine | Pupils; salivary glands; heart; bronchioles; digestive system; liver | reinforce sympathetic nervous system "fight or flight" response to stress | Adrenal Medulla |
| Insulin | All body cells; liver | increase cell permeability to glucose; convert glucose to glycogen | beta cells - islets of Langerhands (pancreas) |
| Glucagon | Liver | convert glycogen to glucose (increase blood glucose levels) | Alpha cells - islets of Langerhans (pancreas) |
| Estrogen | Uterus; hair follicles, breasts, fat deposits, hips broader than shoulders | rebuild endometrium after menstrual flow phase; develop seconday sex characteristics at puberty. | growing follicle in ovary |
| Progesterone | uterus | thicken/maintain endometrium after ovulation | corpus luteum in ovary |
| Testosterone | hair follicles, oil glands, larynx, muscles, shoulders broader than hips; sertoli cells in seminiferous tubules | develop secondary sex characteristics at puberty; spermatogenesis | interstitial cells of testes |
| Thyroid Inhibiting Hormone | thyroid | stimulate thyroxin secretion | anterior pituitary |
| Gonadotropin | anterior pituitary | stimulate FSH and LH secretion | hypothalamus |
| Gonadocorticoids (GnGH) | many tissues in male and female | secondary sex characteristics | adrenal cortex |
Created by:
Carlie588