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9th grade Bio- MRA
Biology chpt 6 & 7- MRA
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| diffusion | movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to lower concentration |
| passive transport | movement of substances across the membrane not using energy |
| equilibrium | the molecules have the same concentration in the area they are in |
| size and type & chemical nature | ability to diffuse across the cell membrane depends on the ______. |
| carrier protien | protiens that facilitate movement of molecules across the cell membrane |
| hypotonic | concentration of solute molecules outside the cell is lower than the concentration in the cytosol |
| hypertonic | concentration of the solute molecules outside the cell is higher than the concentration in the cytosol |
| contractile vacuole | organelles that remove water |
| turgor pressure | pressure water molecules exert against the cell wall |
| RBC (red blood cells) | lack contactile vacuoles, solute pumps, cell walls |
| cytolysis | the bursting of cells |
| facilitated diffusion | a type of passive transport that is used for molecules that can not diffuse rapidly thru cell membranes |
| carrier protiens | these carry molecules across the cell membranes |
| ion channels | a type of passive transport that provide transportation across the cell membrane thru which ions can diffuse |
| active transport | requires a cell to expend energy |
| sodium- potassium pump | a carrier protein that actively transports potassium ions into the sodium ions out of cells |
| endocytosis | process by which cells ingest external fluid macromolecules and large particles including other cells |
| vesicle | membrane bound sac in a eukaryote cell that contains materials involved in endocytosis, exocytosis, or transport within the cell |
| pinocytosis | type of endocytosis in which a cell engulfs solutes or fluids |
| phagocytosis | type of endocytosis in which a cell engulfs large particles or whole cells |
| phagocytes | cell that engages in phagocytosis |
| exocytosis | process in which a vesicle inside a cell fuses with the cell membrane and releases its contents to the external environment |
| photosynthesis | converts light energy into chemical energy thru a complex series of reactions known as chemical pathways |
| biochemical pathway | a series of chemical reactions in which the product of one reaction is consumed in the next reaction |
| light reaction | the initial reaction in photosynthesis including the absorption of light by photosystems one and two, the passage of electrons along the electron transport chains and the production of NADPH and oxygen and the synthesis of ATP thru chemiosmosis |
| grana | the stack of thylakoid in the chloroplast |
| stroma | in plants the solution the surrounds the thylakoid and chloraplast |
| visible spectrum | the resulting array of colors ranging from red at one end and violet at the other |
| wave length | the distance btwn crests in a wave |
| pigment | compound which absorbs light |
| chlorophylls | a class of light absorbing pigments using photosynthesis |
| accessory pigment | a pigment that absorbs light energy and transfers energy to chlorophyll A in photosynthesis |
| carotenoids | a light absorbing compound that functions as an accessory pigment in photosynthesis |
| photo system | in plants a unit of several chlorophyll molecules and caritenoid pigment molecules in the thylakoid membrane |
| primary electronic acceptor | molecule in the thylakoid membrane that accepts the electron that chlorophyll A loses in the light reactions |
| electron transport chain | molecules in the thylakoid or mitochondrial membrane that uses some of the energy in electrons to pump protons across the membrane |
| chemiosmosis | a process in chloroplast and mitochomdria in which the movement of protons down their concentration gradient across a membrane is coupled to the synthesis of ATP |
| ATP synthesis | an enzyme |
| ADP | a substance involved in energy metabolism formed by the breakdown of adenosine triphosphate |
| Calvin cycle | biochemical pathway producing organic compounds, using the energy stored in ATP and NADPH during light reactions |
| carbon fixation | The incorporation of CO2 into organic compounds |
| RuBP | CO2 diffuses into the stroma from the cytosol and combines a CO2 molecule with a 5 carbon carbohydrate called ___________. |
| PGA | phosphoglycerate; a 3 carbon molecule formed in the 1st step of the Calvin model |
| PGAL | glyceraldehyde phosphate; a 3 carbon molecule formed in the second step of the Calvin cycle that can leave the cycle and be used to make other organic compound |
| C3 plants | plant species that fix carbon exclusively thru the Calvin cycle |
| stomata | small pores where most water loss takes place on a plant usually located on the under side of the leaves |
| C4 pathway | alternative pathway which enables certain plants to fix CO2 into 4 carbon compounds |
| CAM pathway | plants that use this pathway open their stomata at night and close them during the day |
| autotroph | use photosynthesis to make organic compounds from carbon dioxide and water |
| chloroplast | location in plants and algae where photosynthesis occurs |
Created by:
jalison28
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