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Cells
Functions of Cell Organelles/ Cellular Transport/ Term of Solutions
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) | -passageway for transport of materials with the cells -synthesis of lipids |
| Ribosomes | -site of protein synthesis |
| Proteasomes | -site of destruction of misfolded or damaged proteins |
| Golgi Apparatus | -synthesis of carbohydrates -packaging of materials for secretion from the cell |
| Mitochondria | -site of aerobic cell respiration--> production of ATP & heat |
| Lysosomes | -containers for enzymes that digest ingested foreign material (bacteria) and digest and recycle damaged tissue or cellular parts (autophagy) |
| Centrioles | -organizer of the spindles fibers for the distribution of chromosomes during cell division |
| Cilia | -motile cilia sweep materials across the cell surface -a sensory/ primary cilium detects chemical or mechanical signals from other cells or the tissue enviroment |
| Flagellum | -long appendage that enables a cell to move (sperm cells) |
| Microvilli | -folds of the cell membrane that increase a cell's surface area of absorption |
| Cytoskeleton | -protein microfilaments that give shape to a cell, support membrane/ microvilli, and provide attachment & movement |
| Isotonic | solution with salt concentration equal to that in cells |
| Hypotonic | solution with salt concentration lower than that in cells |
| Hypertonic | solution with salt concentration higher than that in cells |
| Diffusion | movement of molecules from an area of greater concentration-->lesser concentration Ex. exchange of gases in the lungs or body tissues |
| Osmosis | diffusion of water Ex. absorption of water by the small intestines/ kidneys |
| Facilitated diffusion | molecules move through a membrane from an area of greater concentration --> lesser concentration Ex. intake of glucose by most cells |
| Active transport | requires energy of ATP to move molecules from an area of lesser conc. --> greater conc. Ex. absorption of amino acids and glucose from food by the cells of the small intestine and sodium/ potassium pumps in the muscles & nerve cells |
| Filtration | movement of water and dissolved materials are forced through a membrane from an area of higher pressure--> lower pressure Ex. formation of tissue fluid in capillaries throughout the body; first step in the formation of urine in the capillaries of the k |
| Phagocytosis | moving cell engulfs something Ex. white blood cells engulf bacteria |
| Pinocytosis | stationary cell engulfs something Ex. cells of the kidneys tubules reabsorb small proteins |
Created by:
kiaaaa20
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