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Chapter 13 Review
8th Grade Earth Science
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Magma | Liquid rock that forms under the Earth's surface |
| Volcanism | Any activity that includes the movement of magma onto Earth's surface |
| Lava | Magma that erupted onto the Earth's surface |
| Hot Spot | Areas of volcanism within the interiors of lithospheric plates |
| Ring of Fire | A major zone of of active volcanoes encircles the Pacific Ocean |
| Subduction Zone | Where one tectonic plates moves under the other |
| Island arc | A string of volcanic islands |
| Fissure | Cracks through which lava flows to Earth's surface |
| Mantle Plume | Solid, hot material from the deep mantle |
| Pluton | Large formations of igneous rock |
| Batholith | A very large igneous intrusion extending deep in the earth's crust. |
| Dike | An intrusion of igneous rock cutting across existing strata. |
| Mafic | Magma or rock that is rich in magnesium and iron and is commonly dark in color |
| Felsic | Magma or rock that is rich in light-colored silicate materials |
| Viscosity | Resistance to flow |
| Quiet Eruption | Volcanic eruptions that explode gently, with broad sheets of slowly flowing lava |
| Pahoehoe lava | Type of lava that forms when lava flows more slowly |
| Aa lava | Type of lava that forms when lava flows rapidly. |
| Blocky lava | Lava that is so thick and slow that it barely moves along the ground. |
| Explosive eruption | An eruption that happens when so much pressure is built up, and magma gets bursted out. |
| Pyroclastic material | Fragments of rock that form during a volcanic eruption |
| Volcanic ash | Pyroclastic particles that are less than 2mm in diatmeter |
| Volcanic dust | Volcanic ash that is less than 0.25 mm in diameter |
| Lapilli | Large pyroclastic particles that are less than 64 mm in diameter |
| Volcanic bomb | Large clots of lava, red-hot |
| Volcanic block | The largest pyroclastic particles that form from solid rock that is blasted from the vent |
| Shield volcano | A broad, domed volcano with gently sloping sides, characteristic of the eruption of fluid, basaltic lava. |
| Cinder cone | A cone formed around a volcanic vent by fragments of lava thrown out during eruptions. |
| Composite volcano | A type of volcano that is typically composed of layers of pyroclastic material |
| Caldera | A large circular depression that forms when the magma chamber below a volcano partially empties and causes the ground above to sink |
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JennaD2022
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