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Env Sci Ch. 8/9
SFHS Environmental Science
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is a group of organisms of the same species that live in a specific geographical area and interbreed? | population |
| What population property describes the number of individuals of the same species in that live in a given unit of area? | population density |
| In what type of relationships are one species harmed while the other species benefits? | parasitism and predation |
| Give an example of parasitism | a tick feeding on a dog |
| In what type of relationship do both species benefit and are helpful to one another? | mutalism |
| In what type of relationship does one species benefit while the other species neither benefits or harmed? | commensalism |
| Give an example of commensalism. | A bird makes a nest in a tree without affecting the tree. |
| In what type of relationship are both species harmed or they negatively affect each other? | competition |
| Give an example of competition | fox and coyotes are predators of the same prey |
| What population property describes the pattern of distribution of organisms in a population? | population dispersion |
| What population property describes the the number of individuals it contains? | population number |
| What are 3 types of dispersion? | even, clumped, or random |
| What type of dispersion is the most common? | clumped |
| What are factors that are effected by the number of individuals in a population in a particular area? | Density Dependent factors |
| What are some examples of density dependent factors? | disease, competition for resources, parasites, food shortages |
| What are some examples of density independent factors? | Food, earthquake, volcanic eruption, temperature changes, habitat destruction |
| What are factors that have no relation the number of individuals but instead are related to natural disasters? | Density Independent factors |
| What is the maximum number of offspring that a given organism can produce? | reproductive potential |
| What 3 factors influence reproductive potential? | produce more offspring at a time, reproduce more often, and reproduce earlier in life. |
| What reproductive potential factor has the MOST effect? | reproduce earlier in life |
| What is the number of organisms of a population that a particular environment can support over time? | carrying capacity |
| What does exponential growth look like on a graph? | J-shape |
| What is the fastest rate at which its populations can grow? | biotic potential |
| What the study of human population growth? | demography |
| What contributes to waterborne diseases? | lack of infrastructure, local water supply being used for drinking, washing, and sewage |
| What are 3 examples of waterborne diseases? | Dysentery, typhoid, cholera |
| What type of countries have a slow population growth? | developed countries |
| What type of country would have a rapid population growth? | developing countries |
| Why is wood considered a limited resource in some developing countries? | because wood is main fuel source |
| If a country has high growth rates.... what does that say about the age structure of that country? | that there are more young people than older people |
| What is farmland that can be used to grow crops? | arable land |
| What is the percentage of newborn individuals in a population that can be expected to survive to a given age known as? | survivorship |
| What type of survivorship live to old age? | late loss population (type I) |
| What type of survivorship die at all ages? | constant loss population (type II) |
| What type of survivorship die at young ages? | early loss population (type III) |
| What is a relationship in which two species live in close association called? | symbiosis |
| Compare niche and habitat. | the niche of an organism is its pattern of use of its habitat and its interactions with other organisms |
| What is the average number of years members of a population are likely to live called? | life expectancy |
| What is a model that describes how economic and social changes affect population growth rates? | demographic transition |
| In which stage of demographic transition was there little population growth due to high infant mortality? | preindustrial |
| In which stage of demographic transition do death rates decline but birth rates still remain high, so a population explosion occurs? | transitional |
| In which stage of demographic transition does the population growth slow because the birth rate decreases and the population size stabilizes? | industrial |
| In which stage of demographic transition does the birth rate drop below replacement level, so the population size begins to decrease? | post industrial |
| What term refers to the number of births (usually per year) per 1000 women of child bearing age? | fertility rate |
| What is the term that refers to the average number of children a parent must have in order to "replace" themselves? | replacement level fertility |
| What is the replacement level fertility number in the US? | 2 |
| Why does the education of women lower birth rates? | because they learn family planning techniques and they work instead of carrying and bearing many children |
Created by:
dcrovato
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