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chapter 8 & 10 vocab

TermDefinition
earthquake a sudden and violent shaking of the ground, sometimes causing great destruction, as a result of movements within the earth's crust or volcanic action.
focus the center of interest or activity.
seismic waves an elastic wave in the earth produced by an earthquake or other means.
epicenter the point on the earth's surface vertically above the focus of an earthquake.
elastic rebound is an explanation for how energy is spread during earthquakes.
body waves a soft, light permanent wave designed to give hair fullness.
P waves is one of the two main types of elastic body waves
S waves are a type of elastic wave, and are one of the two main types of elastic body waves, so named because they move through the body of an object, unlike surface waves.
surface waves A seismic wave that travels across the surface of the Earth as opposed to through it.
seismograph an instrument that measures and records details of earthquakes, such as force and duration.
seismogram a record produced by a seismograph.
Richter scale a numerical scale for expressing the magnitude of an earthquake on the basis of seismograph oscillations. The more destructive earthquakes typically have magnitudes between about 5.5 and 8.9; the scale is logarithmic and a difference of one represents an
Moment Magnitude Scale is used by seismologists to measure the size of earthquakes.
Modified Mercalli Scale The Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale. The effect of an earthquake on the Earth's surface is called the intensity. The intensity scale consists of a series of certain key responses such as people awakening, movement of furniture, damage to chimneys, and f
liquefaction is a process that generates a liquid from a solid or a gas or that generates a non-liquid phase which behaves in accordance with fluid dynamics
tsunami a long high sea wave caused by an earthquake, submarine landslide, or other disturbance.
seismic gap is a segment of an active fault known to produce significant earthquakes that has not slipped in an unusually long time, compared with other segments along the same structure
crust the tough outer part of a loaf of bread.
mantle a loose sleeveless cloak or shawl, worn especially by women.
outer core The outer core of the Earth is a fluid layer about 2,300 km (1,400 mi) thick and composed of mostly iron and nickel that lies above Earth's solid inner core and below its mantle. Its outer boundary lies 2,890 km (1,800 mi) beneath Earth's surface.
inner core is the Earth's innermost part.
Moho the boundary surface between the earth's crust and the mantle, lying at a depth of about 6–7 miles (10–12 km) under the ocean bed and about 24–30 miles (40–50 km) under the continents.
Ring of Fire is a major area in the basin of the Pacific Ocean where a large number of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions occur.
hot spot a small area or region with a relatively hot temperature in comparison to its surroundings.
viscosity the state of being thick, sticky, and semifluid in consistency, due to internal friction.
vent an opening that allows air, gas, or liquid to pass out of or into a confined space.
pyroclastic material is another name for a cloud of ash, lava fragments carried through the air, and vapor.
volcano a mountain or hill, typically conical, having a crater or vent through which lava, rock fragments, hot vapor, and gas are being or have been erupted from the earth's crust.
crater a large, bowl-shaped cavity in the ground or on the surface of a planet or the moon, typically one caused by an explosion or the impact of a meteorite or other celestial body.
shield volcano a broad, domed volcano with gently sloping sides, characteristic of the eruption of fluid, basaltic lava.
cinder cone a cone formed around a volcanic vent by fragments of lava thrown out during eruptions.
composite volcano is a conical volcano built up by many layers (strata) of hardened lava, tephra, pumice, and volcanic ash.
caldera is a large cauldron-like depression that forms following the evacuation of a magma chamber/reservoir.
lahar a destructive mudflow on the slopes of a volcano.
pluton a body of intrusive igneous rock.
sill a shelf or slab of stone, wood, or metal at the foot of a window or doorway.
laccolith a mass of igneous rock, typically lens-shaped, that has been intruded between rock strata causing uplift in the shape of a dome.
dike a long wall or embankment built to prevent flooding from the sea.
batholith a very large igneous intrusion extending deep in the earth's crust.
Created by: 2008120
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