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vocab 6
Term | Definition |
---|---|
autotroph | An organism capable of synthesizing its own food from inorganic substances using light or chemical energy. |
hetertroph | an organism deriving its nutritional requirements from complex organic substances. |
chemoautotrophs | an organism, typically a bacterium, that derives energy from the oxidation of inorganic compounds. |
photoautotrophs | any organism that derives its energy for food synthesis from light and is capable of using carbon dioxide as its principal source of carbon. |
calories | unit used to measure energy released by food |
energy | power derived from the utilization of physical or chemical resources, especially to provide light and heat or to work machines. |
ingestion | taking in of a substance, |
digestion | the process of breaking down food by mechanical and enzymatic action in the alimentary canal into substances that can be used by the body. |
egestion | the discharge or expulsion of undigested material (food) from a cell in case of unicellular organisms, and from the digestive tract via the anus in case of multicellular organisms. |
roughage | fibrous indigestible material in vegetable foodstuffs that aids the passage of food and waste products through the gut. |
cellulose | an insoluble substance that is the main constituent of plant cell walls and of vegetable fibers such as cotton. It is a polysaccharide consisting of chains of glucose monomers. |
body mass index | a weight-to-height ratio, calculated by dividing one's weight in kilograms by the square of one's height in meters and used as an indicator of obesity and underweight. |
absorption | the process or action by which one thing absorbs or is absorbed by another. |
diffusion | the spreading of something more widely. |
villi | any of numerous minute elongated projections set closely together on a surface, typically increasing its surface area for the absorption of substances, in particular. |
constipation | a condition in which there is difficulty in emptying the bowels, usually associated with hardened feces. |
enzyme | a substance produced by a living organism that acts as a catalyst to bring about a specific biochemical reaction. |
macromolecules | a molecule containing a very large number of atoms, such as a protein, nucleic acid, or synthetic polymer. |
bulimia | an emotional disorder involving distortion of body image and an obsessive desire to lose weight, in which bouts of extreme overeating are followed by depression and self-induced vomiting, purging, or fasting. |
anorexia | an emotional disorder characterized by an obsessive desire to lose weight by refusing to eat. |