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Plate Tectonics
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| How thick is the crust? | 5 to 70 km |
| Where is the crust thicker and thinner? | It is a thicker under continents (in particular under mountains) and it is thinner under the ocean |
| What is the crust made out of? | Solid Rock. Mostly granite and / or basalt |
| Which layer is in the crust and / or mantle? | The lithosphere |
| What are two other layers in the mantle? | Asthenosphere and the lower mantle |
| What is the mantle made mostly out of? Why? | It is made out of mostly rocks because of the pressure from above |
| What is the outer core made of? | Molten metal, mostly iron and nickel |
| What is the inner core made out of? Why? | Mostly solid metal such as iron and nickel because of the extreme pressure in the inner core |
| What is the outside of Earth made of? | The crust / lithosphere |
| What is the theory of tectonic plates? | We think that the lithosphere is broken into pieces. The Broken Pieces make up the lithosphere. These pieces are called tectonic plates |
| What is the definition of plate tectonics? | Pieces of Earth's lithosphere are in slow, constant motion, driven by convection currents in the mantle |
| Where do edges of Earth's plates meet? | A plate boundaries |
| What are faults? | Breaks in Earth's crust where rocks have slipped past each other |
| What do scientists use to measure plate motion? | Instruments on satellites |
| How many centimeters do plates move a year? | 1 to 24 cm |
| What is the rate that the North American and Eurasian plates are moving apart? | 2.5 cm per year |
| What are five major tectonic plates? | North American Plate, Pacific Plate, African plate, Antarctic plate, Eurasian plate, indo-australian plate, South American Plate (7 options) |
| What is one small tectonic plate? | Scotia plate, Caribbean plate, Arabian plate (3 options that I thought of) |
| Which plate is made out of only ocean floor? | The Scotia plate |
| Which is denser, oceanic crust or continental crust? | Oceanic crust is denser than continental crust |
| What happens when continental and oceanic crust plates collide? | Subduction can occur and the denser oceanic crust bends down into the mantle |
| What happens when two continental crust plates collide? | Mountain ranges are made |
| What are three different types of tectonic plate boundaries | Convergent, Divergent, transform |
| What happens during a convergent plate boundary? | Tectonic plates move together on a path to collide |
| What happens during a divergent plate boundary? | Tectonic plates move apart |
| What happens during a transform plate boundary? | Tectonic plates slip past and possibly scrape each other |
| What can happen when tectonic plates move? | Volcanoes, mountain ranges, deep ocean trenches, earthquakes, and Etc |
| Where do most divergent boundaries occur? Why? | They occur along mid ocean ridges because of seafloor spreading |
| What happens when divergent boundaries occur on land? What is an example? | They created deep valleys called a rift valley. The Great Rift Valley in East Africa |
| What is a hypothesis about the continents? | That they used to be one land mass but slowly drifted apart |
| What is it called when continents drift apart? | Continental drift |
| What was the one land mass or super continent on Earth called? | Pangaea |
| What is the definition of a fossil? | Any trace of an ancient organism that has been preserved in Rock |
| What was glossopteris? | A fern-like plant |
| What were the mesosaurus and lystrosaurus? | A freshwater reptile |
| What evidence supports the hypothesis that the world used to be one land mass? | Land features, fossils, and climate |
| What used to cover South Africa (according to the hypothesis)? | Continental glaciers |
| According to the hypothesis, how do mountains form? | When continents Collide, their edges crumple and fold. The folding continents push up huge mountains |
| What is subduction? | The process by which oceanic crust sinks beneath a deep-ocean trench and back into the mantle at a convergent plate boundry |
| What is a convection current? | The movement of a fluid caused by difference in temperature that transfers heat from one part of a fluid to another |
| What causes the hot water to rise close to the side of the cup? | Hot water is less dense than cold water, that is why the hot water rises. |
| Where does coal originate? What can you infer from this about Pangea? | Coal originates from remains of plants, so coal fields form in hot or moderate climates and swampy places. There are coal fields in Antarctica, so at one point Antarctica must have been hot and closer to the equator. |
| What was Pangaea? | The name of the single landmass that broke apart about 200 million years ago and gave rise to today's continents. |
Created by:
ebab
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