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biology 100
COURSE CONTENT 1,2,3,4,5,6 FIRST QUIZ BASED ON THIS
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| WHAT IS THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD? | A METHOD THAT SCIENTIST USE TO CARRY OUT AN INVESTIGATION |
| WHAT IS DEDUCTIVE REASONING? | BEGINS WT SUPPLIED INFORMATION CALLED PREMISES AN IT DRAWS CONCLUSIONS BASED ON THAT INFORMATION.HELPS TO DISCOVER RELATIONSHIPS AMONG KNOWN FACTS.THE REASONING FLOWS FROM GENERAL TO SPECIFIC.CAN HAVE ALL GEN INFO BUT THE EVENT MIGHT NOT ACTUALLY BE TRUE |
| WHAT IS INDUCTIVE REASONING | ARE ARGUMENTS THAT CLAIM TO PROVIDE SOME BUT NOT COMPLETE SUPPORT FOR THE CONCLUSION.THEREFOR YOU START WITH SPECIFIC OBSERVATIONS AND THEN YOU DRAW A CONCLUSION |
| ORIGINS OF LIFE THEORYS ARE | CREATION THEORY,BIG BANG/BIOCHEMICAL THEORY,SPONTANEOUS GENERATION THEORY,BIOGENESIS THEORY,THE STEADY STATE THEORY,EXTRATERRESTRIAL/COSMOZOAN THEORY |
| WHAT IS MATTER | MATTER IS ANYTHING THAT HAS MASS AND TAKES UP SPACE |
| GENERAL STATES OF MATTER ARE | SOLIDS,LIQUIDS,GAS,PLASMA |
| WHAT IS AN ELEMENT | AN ELEMENT IS ANY SUBSTANCE THAT CANNOT BE BROKEN INTO A DIFFERENT SUBSTANCE BY ORDINARY MEANS |
| HOW MANY NATURAL OCCURING ELEMENTS ARE THERE | THERE ARE 92 NATURALLY OCCURING ELEMENTS EXAMPLES: CARBON,OXYGEN,MAGNESIUM |
| WHAT IS AN ATOM | AN ATOM IS THE SMALLEST PART OF AN ELEMENT THAT MAINTAINS ITS CHEMICAL PROPERTIES |
| WHAT IS A MOLECULE | A MOLECULE IS TWO OR MORE ATOMS CHEMICALLY COMBINED. THEY CAN BE MADE FROM ATOMS OF THE SAME ELEMENT EXAMPLE HYDROGEN(H) ATOM H2= HYDROGEN MOLECULE(H+H) |
| WHAT ARE COMPOUNDS | ATOMS OF DIFFERENT ELEMENTS COMBINED ARE USUALLY CALLED COMPOUNDS. EXAMPLES WATER(H20),CARBON DIOXIDE(C02) TABLE SALT(NACI) |
| WHAT THREE PARTS ATOMS ARE SUBDIVIDED IN | PROTONS,ELECTRON AND NEURONS |
| WHAT CHARGE DOES PROTONS GIVE | POSITIVE CHARGE |
| WHAT CHARGE DOES ELECTRONS GIVE | NEGATIVE CHARGE |
| WHAT CHARGE DO NEUTRONS GIVE | NO CHARGE (NEUTRAL) |
| WHY ATOM HAS NO CHARGE | EVEN THOUGH AN ATOM HAS CHARGED PARTICLES OVERALL IT HAS NO CHARGE AND THIS IS BECAUSE THE NUMBER OF POSITIVE CHARGES OR PROTONS SHOULD EQUAL THE NUMBER OF NEGATIVE CHARGES OF ELECTRONS |
| WHAT IS THE ATOMIC NUMBER | THE ATOMIC NUMBER IS THE NUMBER OF PROTONS,THIS NUMBER IS UNIQUE FOR EVERY ELEMENT |
| WHAT IS THE ATOMIC NUMBER OF HYDROGEN(H) | THE ATOMIC NUMBER IS ONE 1 PROTON (1 ELECTRON) NEUTRONS |
| WHAT IS THE ATOMIC NUMBER OF CARBON(C) | THE ATOMIC NUMBER IS SIX 6PROTONS(6 ELECTRONS) NEUTRONS |
| WHAT IS THE ATOMIC MASS | THE ATOMIC MASS IS THE NUMBER OF PROTONS AND NUETRONS found in the nucleus of an atom. |
| what is the valence | the last shell, or outermost, shell of an atom. |
| what is the valence number | The valence number is the number of electrons on the valence, or outermost, shell of an atom. |
| WHAT ARE ISOTOPES | ISOTOPES ARE ATOMS OF THE SAME ELEMENT WITH DIFFERENT ATOMIC MASS NUMBERS |
| WHAT HAPPENS TO A RADIOACTIVE ISOTOPE | THIS IS WHERE THE NUCLEOUS DECAYS SPONTANEOUSLY GIVING OFF PARTICLES AND ENERGY |
| AN EXAMPLE OF GOOD USES OF RADIOACTIVE FLUIDS/CHEMICALS ARE | XRAYS, RADIOACTIVE TRACERS,CARBONDATING(FOSSILS),ALTERNATIVE SOURCE OF ENERGY |
| WHAT IS CHEMICAL BONDING | A CHEMICAL BOND IS A UNION BETWEEN THE VALENCE ELECTRONS OF ATOMS |
| WHY ARE NOBLE GASES INERT OR UNREACTIVE | NOBLE GASES ARE INERT OR UNREACTIVE BECAUSE THEIR VALENCE SHELL IS ALREADY FULL/COMPLETE |
| WHAT ARE EXAMPLES OF NOBLE GASES | helium (He), neon (Ne), argon (Ar), krypton (Kr) ,xenon (Xe) ,radon (Rn)Noble gases are sometimes called inert gases |
| WHAT HAPPENS TO A NON-POLAR COVALENT BOND | AN EQUAL SHARING OR NONPOLAR COVALENT BOND, THE ATOMS ARE EXERTING THE SAME PULL AND ARE SHARING THEM EQUALLY. |
| WHAT IS AN EXAMPLE OF A SINGLE NONPOLAR COVALENT BOND | HYDROGEN ATOMIC NUMBER IS 1 = 1PROTON 1ELECTRON |
| WHAT IS OXYGENS (O) ATOMIC NUMBER | OXYGENS ATOMIC NUMBER IS 8 AN OXYGEN MOLECULE PRODUCE DOUBLE BOND(SHARING OF 2 BONDS. |
| NAME TWO TYPES OF COVALENT BONDS | TWO TYPES OF COVALENT BONDS AREPOLAR COVALENT BOND AND NON-POLOR COVALENT BOND |
| WHAT HAPPENS TO A NON-POLAR COVALENT BOND | AN EQUAL SHARING OR NONPOLAR COVALENT BOND, THE ATOMS ARE EXERTING THE SAME PULL AND ARE SHARING THEM EQUALLY. |
| WHAT IS AN EXAMPLE OF A SINGLE NONPOLAR COVALENT BOND | HYDROGEN ATOMIC NUMBER IS 1 = 1PROTON 1ELECTRON |
| WHAT ARE EXAMPLES OF NOBLE GASES | helium (He) neon (Ne) argon (Ar) krypton (Kr) xenon (Xe) radon (Rn) |
| WHAT IS A CONVALENT BOND | A COVALENT BOND IS THE SHARING OF A PAIR OF ELECTRONS (ES)THIS SHARING CAN BE EQUAL(NON-POLAR) OR IT CAN BE UNEQUAL(POLAR). |
| NAME TWO TYPES OF COVALENT BONDS | TWO TYPES OF COVALENT BONDS AREPOLAR COVALENT BOND AND NON-POLOR COVALENT BOND |
| WHAT HAPPENS TO A NON-POLAR COVALENT BOND | AN EQUAL SHARING OR NONPOLAR COVALENT BOND, THE ATOMS ARE EXERTING THE SAME PULL AND ARE SHARING THEM EQUALLY. |
| WHAT IS AN EXAMPLE OF A SINGLE NONPOLAR COVALENT BOND | HYDROGEN ATOMIC NUMBER IS 1 = 1PROTON 1ELECTRON |
| WHAT IS AN EXAMPLE OF A DOUBLE COVALENT BOND | AN OXYGEN MOLECULE PRODUCE DOUBLE BOND(SHARING OF 2 BONDS. |
| WHAT IS A TRIPLE COVALENT BOND | TRIPLE BOND IS WHERE 3 BONDS ARE SHARED |
| WHAT IS AN EXAMPLE OF A TRIPLE BOND | THE NITROGEN (N) BOND A nitrogen atom has five electrons in its outermost shell. It needs three more electrons to complete the octet. Each nitrogen atom shares three electrons with the other to form a triple bond. |
| WHAT IS THE ATOMIC NUMBER OF NITROGEN | THE ATOMIC NUMBER OF NITROGEN IS 7 |
| WHAT IS A POLAR COVALENT BOND | A POLAR COVALENT BOND IS UNEQUAL SHARING |
| WHAT HAPPENS IN A POLAR COVALENT BOND | ATOMS OF DIFFERENT ELEMENTS DO NOT EXERT THE SAME PULL ON SHARED ELECTONS HENCE THE MORE ATTRACTIVE OR ELECTRO NEGATIVE ATOM ENDS UP WITH A SLIGHTLY NEGATIVE CHARGE.WHILE THE OTHER ATOM BECOMES SLIGHTLY POSITIVE.OVERALL THERE IS NO NET CHARGE IN THIS BOND |
| WHAT IS A HYDROGEN BONDING | HYDROGEN BONDING IS A WEAK BOND BETWEEN A ELECTRO NEGATIVE ATOM AND A HYDROGEN ATOM |
| WHAT IS AN ION | IONS ARE ATOMS THAT HAVE EITHER LOST OR GAINED ONE OR MORE ELECTRONS |
| IF IONS HAVE A POSITIVE CHARGE WHAT ARE THEY CALLED | IF IONS HAVE A POSITIVE CHARGE THEY ARE CALLED CATIONS |
| IF IONS HAVE A NEGATIVE CHARGE WHAT ARE THEY ALSO CALLED | IF IONS HAVE A NEGATIVE CHARGE THEY ARE CALLED ANIONS |
| WHAT IS AN IONIC BOND | AN IONIC BOND IS A UNION BETWEEN TWO OPPOSITELY CHARGED IONS(CHARGED ATOMS). |
| WHAT IS AN EXAMPLE OF A IONIC BOND | AN EXAMPLE OF A IONIC BOND IS NaCI(table salt) |
| WHAT IS THE MOST IMPORTANT BIOCHEMICAL MOLECULE | WATER IS THE MOST IMPORTANT BIOCHEMICAL MOLECULE |
| WHAT ARE THE THREE STATES OF WATER | LIQUID, SOLID, GAS |
| WHAT IS A VESATILE SOLVENT | A VESATILE SOLVENT IS A SUBSTANCE THAT CAN DISSOLVE ANOTHER SUBSTANCE EXAMPLE WATER |
| WHAT IS A SOLUTE | A solute is the smaller part of a solution. The solute dissolves in the solvent |
| what gives water its cohesive and adhesive properties. | Water is attracted to other water. This is called cohesion. Water can also be attracted to other materials. This is called adhesion. |
| NAME FOUR PROPERTIES OF WATER | HIGH SURFACE TENSION AND COHESION,HIGH HEAT CAPACITY,VERSATILE SOLVENT AND,HIGH HEAT OF VAPORISATION |
| ACID IS A SUBSTANCE WHEN | ACID IS A SUBSTANCE WHEN DISSOLVED IN WATER IT DISASSOCIATES OR SEPARATES INTO ONE OR MORE HYDROGEN IONS |
| WHAT IS AN EXAMPLE OF A ACID | HCI(HYDROCHLORIC AND CITRIC ACID |
| A BASE OR ALKALINE IS A SUBSTANCE WHEN | A BASE OR ALKALINE IS A SUBSTANCE WHEN SISSOLVED IN WATER IT DISASSOCIATES INTO ONE OR MORE HYDROXIDE IONS OR IT ACCEPTS THE HYDROGEN IONS |
| WHAT IS AN EXAMPLE OF A BASE | BLEACHNaOH-SODIUM HYDROXIDE (LYE) |
| WHAT IS pH | pH IS A MEASURE OF THE AMOUNT OF HYDROGEN IN A SOLUTION |
| WHAT IS THE RANGE OF THE pH SCALE | THE pH SCALE RANGES FROM 0<----14 |
| WHAT IS THE pH OF BLOOD | THE pH OF BLOOD IS 7.35- 7.4 |
| WHAT DOES A CHANGE OF ONE WHOLE NUMBER ON THE pH SCALE REPRESENT | A CHANGE OF ONE WHOLE NUMBER ON THE pH SCALE REPRESENTS A TEN FOLD (X10) CHANGE IN THE NUMBER OF HYDROGEN IONS |
| AN EXAMPLE OF A CHANGE OF ONE WHOLE NUMBER ON THE pH SCALE REPRESENT | A pH OF SIX HAS TEN TIMES MORE HYDROGEN IONS THAN A pH OF SEVEN. THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN A pH OF 3 AND 6 IS 1000 SO 10X10X10=1000 |
| WHAT IS A BUFFER | A BUFFER IS A SUBSTANCE THAT CONVERTS STRONG ACIDS OR BASES INTO WEAK ONES |
| HOW DOES A BUFFER CONVERT STRONG ACIDS OR BASES INTO WEAK ONES | IT DOES THIS BY REALEASING HYDROGEN IONS WHEN THEIR CONCENTRATION IS TOO LOW OR BY COMBINING WITH THEM WHEN THE CONCENTRATION IS TOO HIGH.OVERALL BUFFERS RESIST DRASTIC CHANGES IN THE pH |
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