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Test 1
Chapter 1 & 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Cells | Basic unit of living organisms |
| Metabolism | sum of all the chemical reactions in an organism |
| Stimuli | changes in internal or external environment |
| Growth | the process of increasing in physical size |
| Movement | an act of changing physical location or position |
| Evolve | population’s change over time to become better adapted to their environment |
| DNA: Deoxyribonucleic Acid | it is the building block for genes |
| Sexual Reproduction | two parents give rise to non-identical offspring |
| Asexual Reproduction | one parent gives rise to identical offspring (bacteria, plants) |
| Evolution | the accumulations of adaptations |
| Natural Selection | mechanism by which beneficial traits become more common in populations over time |
| Cellular Respiration | chemical bonds are broken to release energy; producers use cellular respiration |
| Photosynthesis | capture light energy to make chemical bonds |
| Independent Variable | We change it |
| Dependent Variable | what changes in response to the independent variable |
| Controlled Variable | things we keep constant |
| Theory | an integrated explanation of something in the natural world |
| hypothesis | can never be proven true; it’s always possible that a new experiment will reject it |
| Elements | make up matter; 92 natural elements |
| Trace Elements | are essential for life; needed in very small amounts; (Fe, Mb, Cu) |
| Atoms | smallest portion of an element that has all the properties of the element |
| Protons | positively charged particles in nucleus |
| Neutrons | uncharged particles found in nucleus |
| Electrons | negatively charged particles around nucleus |
| Atomic Number | number of protons |
| Atomic Mass | number of protons + number of neutrons |
| Isotope | contain equal numbers of protons but different numbers of neutrons in the nuclei |
| Radioisotope | unstable isotopes; radio isotopes |
| Molecule | 2 or more atoms strongly combined into a stable particle; can be heterogeneous or homogenous |
| Compounds | less stable than molecules; weakly bonded; always heterogenous |
| Molecular Formula | shows the number and ratio of atoms |
| Structural Formula | shows the types, # of atoms and arrangement |
| Covalent Bond | results when atoms share electrons; strongest bond |
| Polar Bonds | have unequal sharing of electrons |
| Non-polar Bonds | have equal sharing of electrons; occurs when atoms have same or very similar electronegativity |
| Ionic Bonds | bonds between ions (charged atoms); weaker than covalent bonds |
| Electronegativity | is a measure of how strongly an element pulls electrons towards it |
| Anion | negatively charged atoms |
| Cation | positively charged atoms |
| Hydrogen Bonds | weakest attraction involving partially charged H |
| Hydrophobic | nonpolar substances generally don’t dissolve well in water (fats, oils) |
| Hydrophilic | polar and ionic substances dissolve easily in water (sugars, salts) |
| Redox Reaction | electron is transferred from one molecule to another |
| Reduction | reaction where substance gains 1+ electron |
| Oxidation | reaction where substance loses 1+ electron |
| Acids | proton donors; lower pH |
| Bases | proton acceptors: higher pH |
| Buffers | minimize pH change; combination of chemicals that work together to minimize pH change; composed of weak acids and bases |
Created by:
juland88
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