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Soils Part 1
Introduction, terms, soil genesis, soil suffixes.
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What colour of zone would Edmonton be in? | White zone |
| What colour zone would an undisturbed forest be in? | Green Zone |
| What three sediments make up the primary composition of soil? | Sand, silt, and clay |
| What is a soil horizon? | A layer of soil which can be distinguished from others. |
| Compare and contrast edaphology and pedology. | Both edaphology and pedology are studies of soil, but edaphology is from a plant perspective and pedology is from an ecological perspective. |
| What are four important functions that soil serves? | Habitat, water filter, nutrient recycling, and water/heat redistribution. |
| What percent of land mass is taken by glaciers? | 10% |
| What three actions are a part of glaciation? | Forming, moving, and receding of glaciers. |
| How can materials be transported or deposited? | Glacial movement, glacial melt water movement, some have volcanic/organic origins. |
| What two factors are most important in the formation of soil? | Time and Climate |
| What are some impacts glaciers had? | Compacted the soil, caused the scouring of organisms and materials, sediment deposit/transport, and the formation of glacial streams and lakes. |
| What is a striation? | Scratches in the rock caused by glacial sediment. |
| What is a moraine? | Material that has been pushed to the side of a glacier. |
| What is till? | Material in which moraines are made of; differently sized sediments mixed together. |
| Where would the following be: lateral moraine medial moraine terminal moraine | At the sides; in the middle; at the terminus |
| What are each of the following associated with? Aeolian Fluvial Lacustrine Colluvial | Aeolian=wind, Fluvial=stream, Lacustrine= lake, Colluvial= gravity |
| What materials are glaciofluvial sediments made of? | Sand and gravel |
| What is a glacial sea? | An area in which the ice cap causes the land to sink and the ocean to cover parts of the continent. |
| What materials are glaciolacustrine sediments made of? | Sand, Silt, Clay |
| What does LFH mean? | Litter, fermented/humified |
| Which soil sediment is the most permeable, and which is the least? | Sand is the most permeable, clay is the least permeable. |
| How are humidity and the position of the illuviation layer related? | The lower the humidity, the higher the illuviation layer. |
| Soil rich in iron oxides would be found in which climate? | Hot and humid |
| What climate would be the saltiest and why? | Arid climates have the most salt due to evaporation. |
| What substance would be found in cool, dry climates? | Humus |
| What is the dominant soil region in Canada? | The cryosol (frozen soil) |
| What are three other dominant Canadian soil regions? | Podzol, luvisol, brunisol |
| How can plants influence the soil? | Roots can erode rock, mosses and lichens can erode the rock with acids. |
| What is the pedosphere? | The interactions between all the spheres make it up. |
| What is bioturbation? | The mixing of soil by organisms. |
| What is pedoturbation? | The mixing of soil by any means. |
| What percent of organic carbon must soil contain to be considered organic? | 30 percent |
| What suffixes can occur in a mineral A horizon? | e, h, p |
| What is an Ae horizon? | an elluviated layer- clays, minerals are leached. |
| What is an Ah horizon? | a humified layer- organic matter is accumulated. |
| What is an Ap horizon? | a ploughed layer- disturbed by human activity. |
| What suffixes can occur in a mineral B horizon? | h, f, ss, v, t, n, g, m, mz |
| What is a Bh horizon? | a humified layer |
| What is a Bf horizon? | iron and aluminum have accumulated. |
| What is a Bss? | A horizon with slicken slides- smooth clay coatings |
| What is a Bv? | A vertic horizon- mixed soil with heavy clay |
| What is a Bt? | Clays |
| What is a Bn? | Sodium accumulation. |
| What is a Bg? | has gleying and mottling |
| What is a Bm? | slightly different from Parent material. |
| What is a Bmz? | frozen layer. |
| What are the suffixes for a mineral C horizon? | ca, s, k, ss, g, z |
| What is the difference between Cca and Ck? | Cca is the accumulation of carbonates; Ck has the original carbonates. |
| What is Cs? | Accumulation of salts. |
| What are the suffixes of organic soil? | f, m, h, hz |
| What is Of? | composed of fibrous material |
| What is Om? | moderately decomposed layer. |
Created by:
swilson67
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