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ES EMAP Ch. 2 Rocks2
Ch 2 Rocks
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Contact Metamorphism | Rock minerals and texture are changed, mainly by heat, due to contact with magma. Usually results in nonfoliated texture. |
| Regional Metamorphism | Rock minerals and texture are changed, mainly by pressure and heat, over a wide geographical area due to mountain building. Usually results in foliated texture. |
| Rock | A mixture of solid minerals or mineraloids. |
| Mineraloid | A mineral-like substance that does not demonstrate definite crystalline structure and/or chemical composition. |
| Rock Cycle | The transition of rocks between rock types over geologic time as a result of melting and cooling, heat and pressure, or compaction and cementation of sediments. |
| James Hutton | 1726-1797 A.D. Geologist Proposed the idea of Uniformitarianism; that the geologic processes occurring today were essentially the same processes that happened in the past. |
| Igneous Rock | Rocks formed through the cooling and solidification of molten rock (lava or magma). |
| Lava | Molten (liquid) rock at earth's surface. |
| Magma | Molten (liquid) rock below earth's surface. |
| Intrusive | Igneous rocks formed from solidification of magma. |
| Extrusive | Igneous rocks formed from solidification of lava. |
| Basaltic | Compositional group. Igneous rocks of darker color; usually high in iron and/or magnesium and containing less than 20% quartz minerals. Basaltic rocks are often fine-grained. |
| Granitic | Compositional Group. Igneous rocks of lighter color; containing greater than 20% quartz minerals. Granitic rocks are often coarse-grained. |
| Andesitic | Compositional Group. Igneous rocks of medium color; somewhere between granitic and Basaltic. Contain 57%-63% quartz minerals in addition to many other minerals. |
| Metamorphic Rock | Rocks that have been changed due to the application of heat and pressure. |
| Foliated | Containing flattened grains or crystals in parallel layers. |
| Nonfoliated | Containing no flattened grains or crystals in parallel layers. |
| Sediments | Loose materials such as bits of rocks, mineral grains, bits of shell or other mineraloids; including particles in solution. |
| Sedimentary Rock | Rock formed as a result of sediments being deposited, compacted, and cemented together. |
| Cementation | The process through which quartz, calcite, hematite, and limestone are deposited between existing mineral grains resulting in their bonding together to form a rock. |
| Detritus | Particulate matter that forms sediment. It is categorized according to its size. |
| Phaneritic | Crystals visible to the naked eye. Large crystals, formed from the cooling and solidification of magma beneath earth's surface. |
| Aphanitic | Literally means "no crystals". It is commonly accepted that aphanitic rocks have very small to microscopic crystals present. |
| Porphyritic | relating to or denoting a rock texture, typically found in volcanic rocks, containing distinct crystals or crystalline particles embedded in a fine-grained groundmass |
| Mafic (Basaltic) | Rock type based on low levels of silicate minerals (45%-55%). Tend to be rich in iron and/or magnesium minerals. |
| Ultramafic | Rock type based on extremely low levels of silicate minerals (<45%). Tend to be very rich in iron and/or magnesium minerals. |
| Felsic (Granitic) | Rock type based on high levels of silicate minerals (>65%). Tend to be lower in iron and/or magnesium minerals. |
| Intermediate (Andesitic) | Rock type based on moderate levels of silicate minerals (55%-65%). |
| Vitreous | "Glassy" in appearance. |
Created by:
MrGross
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