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Unit 5 A&B

Universe Component Terms 8th Grade

TermDefinition
theory a unifying scientific explanation that explains a broad range of observations and is supported by experimental results
origin point at which something begins or from which it comes
universe all of space and the matter that is contained in it
big bang theory a theory that says the universe began as a small point and expanded rapidly about 13.7 billion years ago
hydrogen the most common element found in the universe; stars are made of it and use it as fuel
star a self-luminous celestial body consisting of gas held together by its own gravity in which energy is generated by nuclear fusion
Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram a plot of the surface temperature (color) of stars vs. their luminosity
luminosity the intensity (strength) of light from a celestial body that can be used to identify the body's characteristics
main sequence stable stars in the middle of their development that plot along a continuous diagonal belt on the H-R Diagram
stellar nebula(e) large clouds of gas and dust in interstellar space; the location of star formation
supernova the death of a large star by explosion
black hole the remains of a star or other massive object that collapsed under its own gravity to form a super-dense object with gravity so strong that light cannot escape its pull
galaxy large grouping of stars, nebulae, and gas in space that is held together by gravity
elliptical galaxy galaxy with an oval shape, a bright center, and no apparent internal structure or spiral arms
spiral galaxy galaxy with a bulge of stars in the center and long arms winding around
irregular galaxy galaxy with very little symmetry or shape
sun the medium-sized luminous star around which Earth and other planets revolve
Milky Way galaxy in which the Earth and Sun are located
speed of light how fast light travels (i.e., 300,000 km/s)
light year the distance that light travels in a year (10 trillion km)
solar mass the mass of our sun, Sol; used as a standard unit to compare the size of other stars
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