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Ethics NU 431
Right | Example of Violation |
---|---|
Respect for Persons | Violated when individuals are not treated as autonomous and lack the freedom to act for themselves. persons with diminished autonomy are not protected. |
Beneficence | Violation occurs when persons are not treated in an ethical manner, decisions are not respected, individuals are not protected from harm, and no efforts are made to secure their well-being. |
Justice | Violation occurs when a benefit to which a person is entitled is denied without good reason or when a burden is imposed unduly. |
Right to Self-Determination | Violated through coercion or by covert data collection. Subjects feel compelled to participate or participate without their knowledge. |
Right to Privacy and Dignity | Invasive questions are asked that could result in loss of a job or create embarrassment and mental distress. |
Right to Anonymity and Confidentiality | Subjects' responses are revealed intentionally or accidentally; this revelation of subjects’ identity information or responses could create a potentially harmful situation for subjects. |
Right to Fair Treatment | Research subjects are obtained from groups of people who are regarded as having less “social value,” such as the poor, prisoners, slaves, the mentally incompetent, and the dying |
Right to Protection from Discomfort and Harm | Violated when researchers know in advance that harm, death, or disabling injury will occur and thus the benefits do not outweigh the risk. |