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Bio STAAR Cat#1
Reporting Category #1
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Biomolecules | organic molecules which combine to form living organisms; includes carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids |
| carbohydrates | biomolecule of carbon,hydrogen and oxygen combined in 1:2:1 ratio; include simple and complex sugars; molecules which store energy, add structure, & provide sugars for DNA and RNA; monomer - monosaccharaide ; polymer - polysaccharide |
| lipids | biomolecule composed of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen; includes fats,oils, waxes and sterols; important component of cell membranes |
| proteins | biomolecule composed of nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen and oxygen; made up of monomer amino acids; enzyme is an example |
| nucleic acids | biomolecule made up of nucleotides; nucleotides contain a phosphate sugar and nitrogen base; examples include DNA and RNA |
| monomer | single unit ; small piece of biomolecule |
| polymer | multi piece unit; made up of smaller monomers |
| organic molecule | An organic compound always contains carbon; Examples : carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids. |
| prokaryotic | an organism whose cell generally lacks a true nucleus Examples: bacterial cells |
| eukaryotic | organism possessing a membrane-bound nucleus and organelles; animals, plants, fungi, and protists |
| homeostasis | The tendency of an organism or a cell to regulate its internal conditions, usually by a system of feedback controls or feedback loops, so as to stabilize health and functioning, regardless of the outside changing conditions ex: sweating when hot |
| deoxyribonucleic acid | double-stranded nucleic acid found in the nucleus which provides instruction for making proteins; provides hereditary information; DNA |
| ribonucleic acid | single stranded nucleic acid made during transcription to provide template for making proteins at ribosome during translation; RNA |
| cell cycle | components include interphase, mitosis and cytokinesis |
| interphase | part of the cell cycle; resting stage of cell and preparation for mitosis; includes G 1 (duplication of organelles) S phase(replication of DNA) and G 2 (checking of replication) |
| mitosis | part of cell cycle; division of the nucleus; includes prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase |
| cytokinesis | part of cell cycle; division of cytoplasm and organelles except nucleus |
| cell differentiation | specialization of cells for a particular function |
| cancer | uncontrolled cell division; creates tumors and interferes with normal cell function |
Created by:
msbramlett