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Earth Systems
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Sedimentary Rock | River sediments slowly compacted and cemented together, type of rock with layers and fossils |
| Tectonic Plate | Can form mountains, cause earthquakes, volcanoes, and sea floor spreading rocks to push back into the mantle |
| Law of Superposition | States that oldest fossils are the bottom rock layers, and newest fossils are at the top |
| Mechanical Weathering | Gradually breaking rock into smaller pieces by freezing, thawing, or by wind or rain hitting rock |
| Convection Currents | The cycle of very hot material in the lithosphere and mantle rising to the top, cooling, and sinking to the bottom, where it is reheated |
| Metamorphic Rock | Made when other types of rocks are heated and squeezed; can have ribbon-like layers or folds, and crystals |
| Igneous Rock | type of rock made of hardened magma or lava; can be dark in color, shiny, and glass like |
| Seafloor Spreading | New ocean floor is created as molten material from the earth's mantle rises in margins between plates or ridges and spreads out |
| Continental Drift | The gradual movement of the continents across the earth's surface through geological time |
| Fossil | Remains or impression of a prehistoric organism preserved in petrified form or as a mold or cast in rock. |
| Minerals | A solid inorganic substance of natural occurrence |
| Magma | Hot fluid or semifluid material below or within the earth's crust from which lava and other igneous rock is formed by cooling |
| Evaporation | Process of turning from liquid into vapor |
| Condensation | Water that collects as droplets on a cold surface when humid air is in contact with it |
| Precipitation | Rain, snow, sleet, or hail that falls to the ground |
| Transpiration | Evaporation of water from plant leaves |
| Runoff | Water, from rain, snowmelt, or other sources, that flows over the land surface |
| Rock Cycle | Cycle of processes undergone by rocks in the earth's crust, involving igneous intrusion, uplift, erosion, transportation, deposition as sedimentary rock, metamorphism, remelting, and further igneous intrusion |
| Earthquake | Sudden and violent shaking of the ground, sometimes causing great destruction, as a result of movements within the earth's crust or volcanic action |
| Volcano | Mountain or hill, typically conical, having a crater or vent through which lava, rock fragments, hot vapor, and gas are being or have been erupted from the earth's crust |
| Convergent Boundary | Two plates are moving toward each other |
| Divergent Boundary | Two plates are moving away from each other and new crust is forming from magma that rises to the Earth's surface between the two plates |
| Transform Boundary | A fault whose motion is predominantly horizontal |
| Erosion | The movement of rock from one location to another location by wind, water, ice, or animals |
| Deposition | The dropping off of sediments/rocks, which are then layered on top of each other over time |
| Crust | Outermost solid layer of the Earth |
| Mantle | Just below the crust, thick layer contains most of Earth's mass |
| Core | Innermost layer of Earth, compact, temperature is about 7,000 degrees C |
| Plate Boundaries | Where two plates meet |
| Lithosphere | Earth's crust and the solid part of the mantle |
| Fault | A break in the Earth's crust at the boundaries where plates slide past each other |
| Plateau | Raised flat land |
| Trench | Narrow canyons on the ocean floor |
| Hydrosphere | lakes, oceans |
| Atmosphere | Earth's crust |
| Lithification | The process in which sediments compact under pressure |
| Compaction | Sediment is decreased as a result of its mineral grains being squeezed together by the weight of overlying sediment |
| Foliation | Repetitive layering in metamorphic rocks. |
| Detritus | Matter composed of leaves and other plant parts, animal remains, waste products, and other organic debris that falls onto the soil |
| Detrital | Loose fragments or grains that have been worn away from rock |
| Intrusive Igneous Rock | Magma from within the earth's crust into spaces in the overlying strata to form igneous rock |
| Extrusive Igneous Rock | Magma formed outside the earth's crust |
Created by:
tgehres
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