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Chapter 8 & 10 vocab
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Earthquake | vibration of Earth produced by the rapid release of energy |
focus | point within Earth where an earthquake originates |
seismic waves | vibrations that travel through Earth carrying the energy released during an earthquake |
epicenter | location on Earth's surface directly above the focus, origin, of an earthquake |
elastic rebound | explanation of how energy is released during an earthquake |
body waves | seismic waves that moves through the interior of Earth |
P waves | longitudinal earthquake wave that travels through interior of Earth |
S waves | transverse earthquake wave that travels through interior of Earth |
surface waves | seismic wave at Earth's surface |
seismograph | instrument that scientist use to measure strength of an earthquake |
seismogram | record of ground movement |
Richter Scale | a base of 10 scale in order to cover huge ranges of earthquakes |
Moment Magnitude Scale | |
Modified Mercalli Scale | |
liquefaction | where soil and rock are saturated in water |
tsunami | a wave formed when the ocean floor shifts suddenly during an earthquake |
seismic gap | an area along a fault where there has been any earthquake activity in a long time |
crust | thin rocky outer layer of earth |
mantle | solid rocky shell extends to a depth of 2800 kilometers |
outer core | liquid layer 2,260 kilometers thick |
inner core | sphere having a radius of 1220 kilometers |
Moho | boundary that separates the crust and from the underlying mantle |
Ring of Fire | Ocean where there are many earthquakes |
hotspot | volcanic areas far from plate boundaries |
viscosity | |
vent | |
pyroclastic material | |
volcano | opening vent that allows magma to escape to the surface |
crater | top of a volcano vent |
shield volcano | quiet eruptions of basaltic lava |
cinder cone | explosive eruptions of granitic lava |
composite volcano | combo of cinder and shield voolcanos |
caldera | when magma chambers empties, cones can collapse |
lahar | |
pluton | structures from cooling and hardening of magma beneath earth |
sill | pluton that forms where magma flows through parallel sedimentary rocks |
laccolith | lens shaped pluton that has pushed overlaying rock layers upward |
dike | |
batholith |