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chapter 8 & 10 vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| earthquake | movements of the ground due to the sudden release of energy |
| focus | point in Earth's interior where the earthquake occured |
| seismic waves | waves of energy released by an earthquake |
| epicenter | point on Earth's surface directly above the focus |
| elastic rebound | sudden return of deformed rock back to undeformed shape |
| body waves | seismic waves that move through the inside(body) of Earth |
| P waves | push pull body waves |
| S waves | side to side waves |
| surface waves | seismic waves that move on Earth's surface |
| seismograph | what all seismic waves are recorded on pen traces vibrations onto a moving drum of paper |
| seismogram | is what is created when pen traces vibrations on the moving drum of paper |
| Richter Scale | numerical scale (1-?) based on height of largest seismic waves magnitude |
| Moment Magnitude Scale | most often used scale more accurate as it measures the amount of energy released |
| Modified Mercalli Scale | roman numeral scale (I-XII) that measures the intensity (ground shaking) created by an earthquake is based on observations of survivors and structural damage seen by scientists |
| liquefaction | soil and rock are saturated with water |
| tsunami | wave formed when the ocean floor shifts suddenly during an earthquake |
| seismic gap | a section of a fault that has produced earthquakes in the past but is now quiet |
| crust | thin rocky outer layer of earth is divided into oceanic and continental crust |
| mantle | solid rocky shell that extends to a depth of 2890 kilometers |
| outer core | liquid layer the flow of metallic iron within the zone generates earths magnetic field |
| inner core | is a sphere, despite the temperatures the materials are compressed into a solid by the immense pressure |
| Moho | the boundary separates the crust from the mantle name is shorter version |
| Ring of Fire | where many different plates meet including pacific plate |
| hot spot | volcanic areas far from plate boundaries |
| viscosity | substances resistance to flow |
| vent | an opening to the surface |
| pyroclastic material | different sized fragments that an explosive eruption trew into the air |
| volcano | opening (vent) that allows magma to escape to the surface |
| crater | top of a volcano vent it is funnel shaped pit formed when pyroclastic material is blown out of volcano |
| shield volcano | quiet eruptions of basaltic lava builds up flat gently sloping layers |
| cinder cone | explosive eruption of granitic lava throws lava into air which hardens into phyroclasics forms steep sided loosely packed layers |
| composite volcano | combination of forms 1 and 2 forms from alternating periods of quiet and explosive eruptions which made layers of lava and phroclastics |
| caldera | magma chamber empties cone can collapse and then may fill with water |
| lahar | water soaked volcanic ash and rock slide rapidly downhill |
| pluton | structures that result from the cooling and hardening of magma beneath the surface |
| sill | a pluton that forms where magma flows between parallel layers of sedimentary rock |
| laccolith | lens shaped pluton that has pushed overlaying rock layers upward |
| dike | a pluton that forms when magma moves into fractures that cut across rock layers |
| batholith | largest bodies if intrusive igneous rock |
Created by:
2007907
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