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Chapter 8&10 Vocab.
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| earthquake | the vibration of earth produced by the rapid release of energy |
| focus | the point within earth there an earthquake originates |
| seismic waves | vibrations that travel through earth carrying the energy released during an earthquake |
| epicenter | the location on earths surface directly above the focus |
| body waves | seismic waves that move through the inside of the earth |
| P waves | Push-Pull body waves that can move through solids, liquids, and gases. primary waves |
| S waves | secondary waves or side-to-side body waves move slower and only move through solid objects |
| surface waves | wave on the surface of the earth |
| seismograph | measures the waves of the earthquakes |
| seismogram | energy measured of the earthquake |
| Richter Scale | scale that measures earthquakes |
| Moment Magnitude Scale | a more precise measure of earthquake magnitude than the Richer scale |
| Modified Mercalli Scale | a scale based on an earthquakes intensity |
| liquefaction | a phenomenon in which soil and other materials saturated with water are turned into a liquid that can`t support buildings |
| tsunami | a japanese word for a seismic sea wave |
| seismic gap | an area along a fault where there has not been any earthquake activity in a long period of time |
| crust | a thin rocky layer of earth |
| mantle | a thick layer of earth located under the crust |
| inner core | the solid innermost layer of the earth |
| outer core | a layer beneath the mantle containing liquid iron and generates earth`s magnetic field |
| Moho | the boundary separating the crust from the mantle |
| Ring of Fire | volcano belt rims the pacific ocean |
| hot spot | concentration of heat in the mantle capable of producing magma which rises to the surface |
| viscosity | measure of a fluids resistance to flow |
| vent | an opening in the surface of the earth through which molten rock and gases are released |
| pyroclastic material | the volcanic rock ejected during an eruption |
| volcano | opening that allows magma to escape to the surface |
| crater | depression at the summit of a volcano |
| shield volcano | a wide gently sloping volcano built from lava and basaltic fluids |
| cinder cone | a small volcano built primarily of pyroclastic material and ejected from a vent |
| composite volcano | volcano composed of lava and pyroclastic material |
| caldera | large depression caused by collapse or ejection of the summit area of a volcano |
| lahar | mudflow made up of ash and rick sliding downhill |
| pluton | the structures that result in the hardening of magma beneath earth`s surface |
| sill | a pluton that forms where magma flows between parallel layers of sedimentary rock |
| laccolith | lens-shaped that has pushed up the overlying layers of rock |
| dike | magma moves into fractures that cut across rock layers |
| batholith | the largest bodies of intrusive igneous rocks |
| elastic rebound | deformed rock springing back after an earthquake |
Created by:
2010113
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