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chapter 8 & 10 vocab
Term | Definition |
---|---|
earthquake | Movements of the ground due to sudden release of energy |
focus | Point in Earth's interior where the earthquake occurred. |
seismic waves | Waves of energy released by an earthquake. |
epicenter | Point on Earth's surface directly above the focus. |
elastic rebound | Sudden return of deformed rock back to undeformed shape |
body waves | Seismic wave that moves through the inside of Earth. |
P waves | Push-pull body waves. |
S waves | Side-to-side body waves. |
surface waves | Seimic waves that moves on Earth's surface. |
seismograph | An instrument that measures and records details of earthquakes, such as force and duration. |
seismogram | A record produced by a seismograph. |
Richter Scale | Numerical scale based an height of largest seismic wave. |
Moment Magnitude Scale | Is used by seismologists to measure the size of earthquakes. |
Modified Mercalli Scale | Roman numeral scale that measures the intensity created by an earthquake. |
liquefaction | Is a process that generates a liquid from a solid or a gas. |
tsunami | A long high sea wave caused by an earthquake, submarine landslide, or other disturbance. |
seismic gap | A segment of an active fault known to produce significant earthquakes that has not slipped in an unusually long time. |
crust | The outermost layer of a planet. |
mantle | Is the part of the earth between the core and the the crust. |
outer core | |
inner core | |
Moho | The boundary surface between the earth's crust and the mantle. |
Ring of Fire | It's where a large number of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions occur. |
hot spot | Volcanic areas far from plate boundaries. |
viscosity | Is a measure of the resistance of a fluid to deformation under shear stress. |
vent | An opening at the earth's surface from which volcanic material. |
pyroclastic material | Composed chiefly of rock fragments of explosive origin. |
volcano | Opening (vent) that allows magma to escape to the surface. |
crater | |
shield volcano | |
cinder cone | Explosive eruptions of granitic lava |
composite volcano | Combination of forms 1 and 2 |
caldera | |
lahar | |
pluton | |
sill | |
laccolith | |
dike | |
batholith |