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Chapter 8&10 vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| focus | the point within the earth where an earthquake starts |
| seismic waves | the energy released by the earthquake travels in all directions from the focus in the form |
| epicenter | location on the surface directly above the focus |
| elastic rebound | the tendency for the deformed rock along a fault to spring back after an earthquake |
| body waves | the waves that travel through earths interior |
| P waves | push-pull waves that push (or compress) and pull (or expand) particles in the direction the waves travel |
| surface waves | when body reaches the surface |
| seismograph | consist of a weight suspended from a support attached to bedrock |
| Richter scale | a familiar but outdated scale for measuring the magnitude of earthquakes |
| moment magnitude scale | derived from the amount of displacement that occurs along a fault |
| modified mercalli scale | rates an earthquakes intensity in terms of the earthquakes effects at different locstions |
| liquefaction | where soil and rock are saturated with water, earthquakes can cause this process |
| tsunami | a wave formed when the ocean floor shifts suddenly during an earthquake |
| seismic gap | an area along a fault where there has not been any earthquake activity for a long period of time |
| crust | the thin rocky outer layer of earth is |
| mantle | a solid rocky shell that extends to a depth of 2890 kilometers |
| outer core | a liquid layer 2260 kilometers thick |
| inner core | is a sphere having a radius 1220 kilometers |
| Moho | a boundary that separates the crust from the underlying mantle |
| ring of fire | the long belt of volcanoes that circles much of the pacific ocean |
| hot spot | volcanic regions thought to be fed by underlying mantle that is anomalously hot compared with the surrounding mantle. |
| viscosity | a substance's resistance to flow |
| vent | an opening to the surface |
| pyroclastic material | particles produced in volcanic eruptions |
| volcano | repeated eruptions of lava or pyroclastic material eventually build a mountain |
| crater | located at the summit of many volcanoes is a step walled depression |
| shield volcano | produced by the accumulation of fluid basaltic lavas |
| cinder cone | ejected lava fragments that harden in the air build |
| composite volcano | a large nearly symmetrical volcanic mountain composed of layers of both lava and pyroclastic deposits |
| caldera | volcano activity ends |
| lahar | occurs when water soaked volcanic ash and rock slide rapidly downhill |
| plution | the structures that result from the cooling and hardening of magma beneath earths surface |
| sill | a pluton that forms where magma flows between parallel layers of sedimentary rocks |
| laccolith | a lens-shaped pluton that has pushed the overlying rock layers upward |
| dike | a pluton that forms when magma moves into fractures that cut across rock layers |
| batholith | largest bodies of intrusive igneous rocks |
| S waves | shake the particles at right angles to the waves direction of travel |
| seismogram | produces a time record of ground motion during an earthquake |
| earthquake | the vibration of earth produced produced by the rapid release of energy within the lithosphere |
Created by:
2006717
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