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chapter 8&10 vocabul
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| earthquake | movents of the ground due to sudden release of energy |
| focus | point in earth interior where the earthquakes occurred |
| seismic waves | waves of energy released by an earthquakes |
| epicenter | point on earth surface directly above the foves |
| elastic rebound | sudden return of deformed rock back to underformed shape. |
| body waves | seismic waves that move through the inside (body) of earth |
| p waves | (push-pull) body waves. |
| s waves | (side to side) body waves. |
| surface waves | seismic waves that move on earth surface. |
| seismogragh | can consist of a weight suspended from a support attached to bedrock. |
| seismogram | a seismogram shows all three types of seismic waves. |
| richter scale | numerical scale (1-9) based on height of largest seismic wave emagnitude. |
| moment magnitude scale | is derived from the amount of displacement that occurs along a fault. |
| modified mercalli scale | aoman numeral scale (l-xll) that measures the intensity (ground shaking) created by an earthquake. |
| liquefaction | what had been stable soil suddenly turns into liquid. |
| tsunami | a wave formed when the ocean floor shifts suddenly during an earthquake. |
| seismic gap | along a fault where there has not been any earthquake acivity for a long period of time . |
| crust | rocky outer layer of earth, is divided into oceanic and continental crust. |
| mantle | a solid, rocky shell that extends to depth of 2890 kilometers. |
| outer core | is liquid layer 2260 kilomereters thick. |
| inner core | is a sphere having a radius of 1220 kilometers. |
| moho | boundary had been discovered in 1906 between the mantle and outer core. |
| ring of fire | the basin of the Pacific Ocean where a large number of earthquakes |
| hot spot | volcanic areas far from plate boundaries. |
| viscosity | resistance to flow and may be thought of as a measure of fluid. |
| vent | the allows air, gas, or liquid to pass out of or into a confined space. |
| pyroclastic material | the cloud of ash, lava fragments carried through the air, and vapor. |
| volcano | opening (vent) that allows magma to escape to the surface. |
| shield volcano | are produced by the accumulation of fluid basaltic lavas. |
| cinder cone | explosive erurtions of granitic lava . |
| composite volcano | combinatior of forms land 2 |
| caldera | one spectacular reminder of what can happen when a volcano activity is the caldera |
| lahar | mudflow made up of water soaked volcanic ash and rock |
| pluton | form the cooling and hardening of magma beneath the surface of earth. |
| sill | is a plutons that form when magma flows between . |
| laccolith | lens-shaped pluton that has pushed the overlying rock layers upwards. |
| dike | pluton that forms when magma moves into fractures that cut across rock layers. |
| batholith | is body of intrusive igneous rock that has surface exposure of more than 100 square kilometers. |
Created by:
2007222
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