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Chapter 8 & 10 Vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Earthquake | The vibration of Earth caused by rapid release of energy within the lithosphere. |
| Focus | The point within Earth where an earthquake starts. |
| Seismic waves | The energy release by an earthquake that travels in all directions. |
| epicenter | The location on the surface directly above the focus. |
| elastic rebound | The tendency for the deformed rock along a fault to spring back after an earthquake. |
| body waves | a seismic wave that moves through the interior of Earth. |
| P waves | Push-pull waves that push and pull particles in the direction body waves travel. |
| S waves | Shake particles at right angles to the waves direction of travel |
| Surface waves | When body waves reach the surface of Earth. |
| seismograph | Provides a reference point for measuring the amount of ground movement caused by seismic waves |
| seismogram | Shows all three types of seismic waves. |
| Richter scale | Measures earthquake magnitude. |
| Moment Magnitude scale | Estimates the energy released by earthquakes. |
| Modified Mercalli scale | Scale that records earthquakes based on intensity |
| Liquefaction | What was once solid soil is now liquid |
| Tsunami | Something that occurs when the ocean floor shifts suddenly during an earthquake |
| Seismic gap | area along a fault where there has not been any earthquake activity for a long period of time |
| crust | The thin rocky outer layer of Earth |
| mantle | A thick rocky shell that extends to a depth 2890 kilometers |
| outer core | A liquid layer 2260 kilometers thick |
| inner core | A sphere having a radius of 1220 kilometers |
| Moho | A boundary named after a croatian scientist that found the first evidence of layering within Earths' mantle |
| Ring of fire | a major area in the basin of the Pacific Ocean where a large number of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions occur |
| hot spot | a small area or region with a relatively hot temperature in comparison to its surroundings |
| viscosity | substance resistant to flow. |
| vent | an opening to the surface |
| pyroclastic material | particles produced in volcanic eruptions |
| volcano | |
| crater | |
| shield volcano | |
| cinder cone | |
| composite volcano | |
| caldera | |
| lahar | |
| pluton | |
| sill | |
| laccolith | |
| dike | |
| batholith |
Created by:
2011957
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