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chapter 8 & 10 vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Earth quake | movements of the ground due to sudden release of energy |
| focus | point in Earth's interior where the earthquake occured |
| seismic waves | waves of energy released by an earthquake |
| epicenter | point on Earth's surface directly above the focus |
| elastic rebound | sudden return of deformed rock back to undeformed shape |
| body waves | seismic waves that move through the inside (body) of Earth |
| P waves | Push-Pull body waves |
| S waves | Side-to-Side body waves |
| surface waves | seismic waves that move through Earth's surface |
| seismograph | it records seismic waves |
| seismogram | pen traces vibrations onto a moving drum of paper |
| Richter Scale | numerical scale (1-?) based on height of largest seismic wave (magnitude) |
| Moment Magnitude Scale | it measures the amount of energy released |
| Modified Mercalli Scale | Roman numerical scale (l-xll) that measures the intensity (ground shaking) created by an earthquake |
| liquefaction | where soil and rock are saturated with water, earthquakes can couse this process |
| tsunami | is a wave formed when the ocean floor shifts suddenly during an earthquake |
| seismic gap | is an area along a fault where there has not been any earthquake activity for a long period of time |
| crust | the thin rocky outer layer of earth, is divided into oceanic and continental crust |
| mantle | a solid, rocky shell that extends to a depth of 2890 kilometers |
| outer core | The hot liquid material found near the center of some planets |
| inner core | The solid material found in the center of some planets at extremely high temperature |
| Moho | The Mohorovicic discontinuity. |
| Ring of Fire | most volcanoes AND earthquakes are concentrated along the edge of the pacific ocean is where many different plates meet. |
| hot spot | volcanic areas far from plate boundaries. |
| viscosity | A quantity expressing the magnitude of internal friction in a fluid |
| vent | The opening of a volcano in the earth's crust. |
| pyroclastic material | composed chiefly of fragments of volcanic origin, as agglomerate, tuff, and certain other rocks; volcaniclastic. |
| volcano | opening (vent) that allows magma to escape to the surface |
| crater | A bowl-shaped depression at the mouth of a volcano or geyser. |
| shield volcano | quiet eruptions of basaltic lave |
| cinder cone | explosive eruptions of granitic lave. |
| composite volcano | combinations of forms 1 and 2 |
| caldera | A large crater formed by a volcanic explosion or by collapse of the cone of a volcano. |
| lahar | A landslide or mudflow of volcanic fragments on the flanks of a volcano. |
| pluton | A body of igneous rock formed beneath the surface of the earth by consolidation of magma. |
| sill | sheet of igneous rock intruded between older rock beds. |
| laccolith | A mass of igneous rock intruded between layers of sedimentary rock, resulting in uplift. |
| dike | A long mass of igneous rock that cuts across the structure of adjacent rock. |
| batholith | A large mass of igneous rock that has melted and intruded surrounding strata at great depths. |
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2006055
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