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CH 8&10 vocabulary
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Earthquake | A sudden and violent shaking of the ground, sometimes causing great destruction, as a result of movements within the earth's crust or volcanic action. |
| Focus | The center of interest or activity. |
| Seismic waves | An elastic wave in the earth produced by an earthquake or other means. |
| Epicenter | The point on the earth's surface vertically above the focus of an earthquake. |
| Elastic rebound | Explanation for how energy is released during an earthquake. |
| Body waves | A soft, light permanent wave designed to give hair fullness. |
| P waves | The P wave in the ECG represents atrial depolarization, which results in atrial contraction, or atrial systole. |
| S waves | An S wave, or shear wave, is a seismic body wave that shakes the ground back and forth perpendicular to the direction the wave is moving. |
| Surface waves | A seismic wave that travels across the surface of the Earth as opposed to through it. |
| Seismograph | An instrument that measures and records details of earthquakes, such as force and duration. |
| Seismogram | A record produced by a seismograph. |
| Richter Scale | A numerical scale for expressing the magnitude of an earthquake on the basis of seismograph oscillations. |
| Moment Magnitude Scale | The moment magnitude scale is used by seismologists to measure the size of earthquakes. |
| Modified Mercalli Scale | The intensity scale consists of a series of certain key responses such as people awakening, movement of furniture, damage to chimneys, and finally. |
| Liquefaction | Soil liquefaction describes a phenomenon whereby a saturated or partially saturated soil substantially loses strength and stiffness in response to an applied stress. |
| Tsunami | A long high sea wave caused by an earthquake, submarine landslide, or other disturbance. |
| Seismic gap | A seismic gap is a segment of an active fault known to produce significant earthquakes that has not slipped in an unusually long time. |
| Crust | The outermost layer of rock of which a planet consists, especially the part of the earth above the mantle. |
| Mantle | The region of the earth's interior between the crust and the core, believed to consist of hot, dense silicate rocks (mainly peridotite). |
| Outer core | The outer core of the Earth is a fluid layer about 2,300 km (1,400 mi) thick and composed of mostly iron and nickel that lies above Earth's solid inner core and below its mantle. |
| Inner core | The Inner Core is the final layer of the Earth. It is a solid ball made of metal. |
| Moho | The boundary surface between the earth's crust and the mantle, lying at a depth of about 6–7 miles (10–12 km) under the ocean bed and about 24–30 miles (40–50 km) under the continents. Origin. |
| Ring of Fire | The Ring of Fire is a major area in the basin of the Pacific Ocean where a large number of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions occur. |
| Hot spot | An area of volcanic activity, especially where this is isolated. |
| Viscosity | The state of being thick, sticky, and semi-fluid in consistency, due to internal friction. |
| Vent | The opening of a volcano, through which lava and other materials are emitted. |
| Pyroclastic material | Pyroclastic material is another name for a cloud of ash, lava fragments carried through the air, and vapor. |
| Volcano | A mountain or hill, typically conical, having a crater or vent through which lava, rock fragments, hot vapor, and gas are being or have been erupted from the earth's crust. |
| Crater | A large, bowl-shaped cavity in the ground or on the surface of a planet or the moon, typically one caused by an explosion or the impact of a meteorite or other celestial body. |
| Shield volcano | A shield volcano is a type of volcano usually built almost entirely of fluid lava flows. |
| Cinder cone | A cone formed around a volcanic vent by fragments of lava thrown out during eruptions. |
| Composite volcano | A stratovolcano, also known as a composite volcano, is a conical volcano built up by many layers (strata) of hardened lava, tephra, pumice, and volcanic ash. |
| Caldera | A large volcanic crater, typically one formed by a major eruption leading to the collapse of the mouth of the volcano. |
| Lahar | A destructive mudflow on the slopes of a volcano. |
| Pluton | A body of intrusive igneous rock. |
| Sill | An underwater ridge or rock ledge extending across the bed of a body of water. |
| Laccolith | A mass of igneous rock, typically lens-shaped, that has been intruded between rock strata causing uplift in the shape of a dome. |
| Dike | A long wall or embankment built to prevent flooding from the sea. |
| Batholith | A very large igneous intrusion extending deep in the earth's crust. |
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2007922
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