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Chapter 8 & 10 vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| earthquake | Movements of the ground due to sudden release of energy |
| focus | Point in Earth's interior where the earthquake occured |
| seismic waves | Waves of energy released by an earthquake |
| epicenter | Point on Earth's surface directly above the focus |
| elastic rebound | Sudden return of deformed rock back to under formed shape |
| body waves | Seismic waves that move through the (body) of earth |
| P waves | Push-Pull body waves |
| S waves | Side-to-Side body waves |
| surface waves | Seismic waves that move on Earth's surface |
| seismogram | Pen traced vibrations onto a moving drum of paper |
| Richter Scale | Number scale (1-?) based on height of largest seismic wave (magnitude) |
| Moment Magnitude Scale | More accurate, it measures the amount of energy released |
| Modified Mercalli Scale | Roman numeral scale (I-XII) that measures the intensity (ground shaking) created by an earthquake |
| liquefaction | A process caused by an earthquake, where ground soil and rock are saturated with water |
| tsunami | A waved formed when the ocean floor shifts suddenly during an earthquake |
| seismic gap | A segment of an active fault known to produce significant earthquakes that has not slipped in an unusually long time |
| crust | Thin,rocky outer layer of Earth |
| mantle | A solid, rocky shell that extends to a depth of 2890 kilometers |
| outer core | A liquid layer 2260 kilometers thick |
| inner core | A sphere having a radius of 1220 kilometers |
| Moho | The boundary that separates the crust from the underlying mantle |
| Ring of Fire | Where most volcanoes and earthquakes are concentrated, along the edge of the Pacific Ocean |
| hot spot | Volcanic areas far from plate boundaries |
| viscosity | The state of being thick, sticky, and semi fluid in consistency, due to internal friction |
| vent | An opening that allows air, gas, or liquid to pass out of or into a confined space |
| pyroclastic material | A cloud of ash |
| volcano | Opening that allows magma to escape to the surface |
| crater | a large, bowl-shaped cavity in the ground |
| shield volcano | Quiet eruptions of basaltic |
| cinder cone | Explosive eruptions of granitic lava |
| composite volcano | A combinations of a cinder cone & a shield volcanoe |
| caldera | A large volcanic crater |
| lahar | A destructive mudflow on the slopes of a volcano |
| pluton | A body of intrusive igneous rock |
| sill | A concordant intrusive sheet |
| laccolith | A mass of igneous rock, typically lens-shaped, that has been intruded between rock strata causing uplift in the shape of a dome. |
| dike | A long wall built to prevent flooding from the sea |
| batholith | A very large igneous intrusion extending deep in the earth's crust. |
Created by:
2011616
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