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chapter8and10vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Earthquake | movements of the ground due to sudden release of energy |
| focus | point in earths interior where the earthquake occured |
| seismic waves | waves of energy released by an earthquake |
| epicenter | point on earths surface directly above the focus |
| elastic rebound | sudden return of deformed rock back to undeformed rock |
| body waves | seismic waves that move through the inside of the earth |
| P waves | push pull waves |
| surface waves | seismic waves that move on earths surface |
| seismograph | device measuring the magnitude of an earthquake |
| seismogram | vibrations marked on paper |
| richter scale | numerical scale 1 to ? based on the height of the largest seismic waves |
| moment magnitude scale | this scale is more accurate because it measures energy released |
| modified mercalli scale | roman numeral scale from 1 to 12 that measures the intensity of the ground shaking |
| liquefaction | when rocks and sediment are saturated with water during an earthquake |
| tsunami | when ocean floor rifts during an earthquake |
| seismic graph | a device used to measure the magnitude of the earthquake |
| crust | outer most layer of earth |
| mantle | layer just below the crust made mostly of molten rock |
| outer core | layer below the mantle made of liquid metels |
| inner core | solid ball of metal in the center of earth |
| moho | boundary between the earths crust and the mantle |
| ring of fire | The Ring of Fire is a major area in the basin of the Pacific Ocean where a large number of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions occur. |
| viscosity | state that the magma or lava is in that effects its availability to move |
| vent | locations from which lava flows and pyroclastic material are erupted. |
| pyroclastic material | another name for a cloud of ash, lava fragments carried through the air |
| volcano | a mountain or hill, typically conical, having a crater or vent through which lava, rock fragments, hot vapor, and gas are being or have been erupted from the earth's crust. |
| crater | place from which the lava from a volcano erupts |
| shield volcano | a broad, domed volcano with gently sloping sides |
| cinder cone | a cone formed around a volcanic vent by fragments of lava thrown out during eruptions. |
| composite volcano | is a conical volcano built up by many layers of hardened lava, tephra, pumice, and volcanic ash. |
| caldera | a large volcanic crater, typically one formed by a major eruption leading to the collapse of the mouth of the volcano. |
| lahar | a destructive mudflow on the slopes of a volcano. |
| pluton | a body of intrusive igneous rock. |
| still | when a volcano is not yet considered extinct but is very inactive |
| laccolith | a mass of igneous rock, typically lens-shaped, that has been intruded between rock strata causing uplift in the shape of a dome. |
| dike | is a sheet of rock that is formed in a fracture in a pre-existing rock body |
| batholith | a very large igneous intrusion extending deep in the earth's crust. |
| s waves | side to side waves |
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2007716
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