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chapter 8 & 10 vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| earthquake | the vibration of Earth produced by the rapid release of energy |
| focus | the point within Earth where an earthquake originates |
| seismic waves | waves of energy released by an earthquake |
| epicenter | the location of Earth's surface directly above the focus, or origin, of an earthquake |
| elastic rebound | sudden return of deformed rock back to undeformed shape |
| body waves | seismic waves that move through the inside of earth |
| P waves | earthquake wave that pushes and pulls rocks in the direction of the wave; also known as a compression wave |
| S waves | a seismic wave that shakes particles perpendicular to the direction the wave is traveling |
| surface waves | a seismic wave that travels along the surface of Earth |
| seismograph | an instrument that records earthquake waves |
| seismogram | the record made by a seismograph |
| Richter Scale | numerical scale (1-?) based on height of largest seismic wave (magnitude) |
| Moment Magnitude Scale | a more precise measure of earthquake magnitude than the Richter |
| Modified Mercalli Scale | roman numeral scale that measure the intensity created by an earthquake |
| liquefaction | occurs when wet soil acts more like a liquid during an earthquake |
| tsunami | a giant wave usually caused by an earthquake beneath the ocean floor |
| seismic gap | an area along a fault where there has not been any earthquake activity for a long period of time |
| crust | the thin, rocky outer layer of Earth |
| mantle | the 2890-kilometer-thick layer of Earth located below the crust |
| outer core | layer beneath the mantle |
| inner core | solid innermost layer of Earth |
| Moho | the boundary separating the crust from the mantle, discernible by an increase in the velocity of seismic waves |
| Ring of Fire | zone of active volcanoes and frequent earthquakes that nearly encircles the Pacific Ocean |
| hot spot | area in Earth's mantle where a column of hot magma rises up to melt through the crust, resulting in volcanic activity |
| viscosity | resistance to flow |
| vent | opening to the surface |
| pyroclastic material | particles produced in an explosion |
| volcano | rupture in the Earth's crust where molten lava, hot ash, and gases from the earth crust escape into the air |
| crater | steep-walled depression at summit |
| shield volcano | Hawaiian and Iceland volcano |
| cinder cone | smallest of volcano types |
| composite volcano | alternate layers of lava and pryroclastics |
| caldera | large depression in a volcano |
| lahar | a wet mass of volcanic fragments flowing rapidly downhill |
| pluton | cooled magma structures underground |
| sill | pluton that is parallel to layers |
| laccolith | lense-shaped pluton |
| dike | pluton that cuts through layers |
| batholith | largest pluton |
Created by:
2008063
Popular Earth Science sets