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Chapter 8 & 10 vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Earthquake | a violent shaking of the ground |
| focus | a central point, an attraction attention or activity |
| seismic waves | an elastic wave in the earth produced by eathquakes |
| epicenter | greatest damage of earthquake occurs |
| elastic rebound | theory of how energy is released during an earthquake |
| body waves | a soft, light permanent wave |
| P waves | longitudinal earthquake wave that travels through the interior of the earth and is the first wave to be recorded by a seismograph |
| S waves | wave motion in medium where the medium moves perpendicular to the direction of the wave. |
| surface waves | seismic wave that travels across the surface of the earth as opposed to through it |
| seismograph | an instrument that measures earthquakes |
| seismogram | a record produced by a seismograph |
| richter scale | a numerical scale for expressing the magnitude of an earthquake |
| moment magnitude scale | a logarithmic scale 1-10 |
| modified mercalli scale | scale of earthquake intensity |
| liquefaction | generates a liquid from a solid or a gas |
| tsunami | underwater earthquake |
| seismic gap | segment of an active fault known to produce significant earthquakes |
| Crust | the outer layer of the earth |
| Mantle | between the core and the crust |
| outer core | fluid layer |
| inner core | a solid sphere in the middle of the fluid core |
| moho | the discontinuity between the crust and the mantle of the earth |
| ring of fire | area in the basin of the pacific ocean where a large number of earthquakes occur |
| hot spot | volcanic regions |
| viscosity | measure of resistance of a fluid under shear stress |
| vent | an opening at the earths surface where gas is emitted |
| pyroclastic material | rock fragments |
| volcano | a hill that created a big crater through lava |
| crater | a large bowl size cavity in the ground |
| shield volcano | a domed volcano |
| cinder cone | a cone formed around volcanic vents |
| composite volcano | conical volcano build of by many layers of hardened lava |
| caldera | a large volcanic crater |
| lahar | destructive mudflow of a volcano |
| pluton | body of intrusive igneous rock |
| sill | a tabular sheet of igneous rock |
| laccolith | a mass of igneous rock |
| dike | a body of igneous rock |
| batholith | large igneous extending in the earth's crust |
Created by:
2007972
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