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chapter 8 & 10 vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| earthquake | movements of the ground due to sudden release of energy |
| focus | point in Earth's interior where the earthquake occurred |
| seismic waves | waves of energy released by an earthquake |
| epiccenter | point on Earth's surface directly above the focus |
| elastic rebound | sudden return of deformed rock back to undeformed shape |
| body waves | seismic waves that move through the inside of Earth |
| P waves | push-pull body waves |
| S waves | side to side waves |
| surface waves | include side to side and rolling elliptical waves |
| seismogram | pen traces vibrations onto a moving drum of paper to create the seismogram |
| seismograph | all seismic waves are recorded on a seismograph |
| Richter Scale | numerical scale (1-?) based on height of largest seismic wave |
| moment magnitude scale | more accurate as it measure the amount of energy released |
| modified mercalli scale | Roman numeral scale l-Xll that measures the intensity created by an earthquake |
| liquefaction | soils and other unconsolidated materials saturated with water are turned into a liquid that is not able to support buildings |
| tsunami | long high sea wave caused by an earthquake |
| seismic gap | area along a fault where there has not been any earthquake activity for a long time |
| crust | thin rocky layer of earth |
| mantle | 2890 kilometer thick layer under the crust |
| outer core | layer beneath the mantle about 2260 kilometers thick |
| inner core | solid inner most layer of earth |
| moho | boundary separating the crust from the mantle |
| ring of fire | where most volcanoes are |
| hot spot | volcanic areas far from plate boundaries |
| visosity | measure of a fluids resistance to flow |
| vent | the opening of a volcano |
| pyroclastic material | volcanic rock ejected during an eruption |
| volcano | opening that allows magma to escape to the surface |
| crater | depression at the summit of a volcano or that which is produced by a meteorite impact |
| shield volcano | a broad, gently sloping volcano built from basaltic lavas |
| cinder cone | a small volcano built primarily of pyroclastic material ejected by a single vent |
| composite cone | a volcano composed of both lave and pyroclastic material |
| caldera | large depression typically caused by collapse or ejection of the summit area of a volcano |
| lahar | mudflow made up of water-soaked volcanic ash and rock |
| pluton | intrusive igneous structure that results from the cooling and hardening of magma beneath the surface of earth |
| sill | traular igneous body formed when magma is injected along sedimentary bedding surfaces |
| laccolith | massive igneous body intruded between preexisting strata |
| dike | trabular-shaped intrusive igneous feature that occurs when magma is injected into fractures in the surrounding rock |
| batholith | large mass of igneous rock that formed when magma intruded at depth |
Created by:
2007935
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