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Chapter 8&10 Vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| eathquake | movement of the ground due to sudden release of energy |
| focus | point in earth's interior where the earthquake formed |
| seismic waves | waves of energy released by the earhtquake |
| epicenter | point on the earth's surface directly above the focus |
| elastic rebound | sudden return of deformed rock back to unformed shape |
| body waves | seismic waves that move through the inside of the earth |
| P waves | push-pull body waves |
| S waves | side-to-side body waves |
| surface waves | seismic waves that move on earth's surface |
| seismograph | where all seismic waves are recorded |
| seismogram | a pen traces vibrations onto a moving drum of paper |
| Richter scale | numerical scale based on height of largest seismic waves, only useful for small, shallow earthquakes |
| moment magnitude scale | most often used, more accurate as it measures the amount of energy released |
| modified mercalli scale | roman numeral scale that measures the intensity created by an earthquake |
| liquefaction | when soil and rock are saturated with water |
| tsunami | a wave formed when the ocean floor shifts suddenly during an earthquake |
| seismic gap | an area along a fault where there has not been any earthquake activity for a long period of time |
| crust | the thin, rocky outer layer of earth |
| mantle | a solid, rocky shell that extends to a depth of 2890 kilometers |
| outer core | a liquid layer 2260 kilometers thick |
| inner core | a sphere having a radius of 1220 kilometers |
| Moho | the boundary that seperates the crust from the underlying mantel |
| Ring of Fire | the long belt of volcanoes that circles much of the Pacific Ocean |
| hot spot | the result may be small volcanic region a few hundred kilometers across |
| viscosity | a substance's resistance to flow |
| vent | during explosive eruptions, the gases trapped in magma provide the force to propel the molten rock out |
| pyroclastic material | particles produced in volcanic eruptions |
| volcano | repeated eruptions of lava or pyroclastic material eventually build a mountain |
| crater | located at the summit of many volcanoes is a steep-walled depression |
| shield volcano | produced by the accumulation of fluid baslatic lavas |
| cinder cone | ejected lava fragment that harden in the air |
| composite volcano | a large, nearly symmetrical volcanic mountain composed of both lava and pyroclasic deposites |
| caldera | a depression in a volcanic moutain |
| lahar | when water-soaked volcanic ash and rock slide rapidly downhill |
| pluton | the structures that result from cooling and hardening beneath earth's surface |
| sill | a pluton that form where magma flows between parallel layers of sedimentary rock |
| laccolith | a lens-shaped pluton that has pushed the overlying rock layers upward |
| dike | a pluton that forms when magma moves into fractures that cut across rock layers |
| batholith | the largest bodies of instrusive ingeous rock |
Created by:
2007718
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