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chapter 8 & 10 vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| earthquake | movement from the ground due to sudden release of energy |
| focus | the point where an earthquake starts |
| seismic waves | the energy released by the earthquake travels in all directions from the focus in the form |
| epiccenter | is the location on the surface directly above the focus |
| elastic rebound | the tendency for the deformed rock along the fault to spring back after an earthquake |
| body waves | waves the travel through earths interior |
| P waves | are pushed-pull waves that push or compress or pull or expand particles in the direction the waves travel |
| S waves | shake particles at right angles to the waves direction of travel |
| surface waves | when body waves reach the surface they produce surface waves |
| seimograph | can consist of a weight suspeded from a support attacked to bedrock |
| seimogram | produces time record of ground motion during a earthquake |
| Richer scale | richer scale based on height of the largest seismic wave |
| Moment Magnitude Scale | derived from the amount of displacement that occurs along the fault |
| Modified Mercalli Scale | thus scale rates a earthquake intensity in terms of the earthquakes effects in different locations |
| liquefaction | where soil and rock are saturated with water, earthquake can cause a process |
| tsunami | is a wave formed when the ocean floor shifts suddenly during a earth quake |
| seismic gap | an area along a fault where there has not been any earthquake activity for a long period of time |
| crust | the thin rocky outer layer of earth is divided into a oceanic and continental floor |
| mantle | a solid, rocky shell that extents to a depth of 2890 kilometers |
| outer core | is a liquid layer 2260 kilometers thick |
| inner core | is a sphere having a radius of 1220 kilometers |
| Moho | separates the crust from underlying mantle and is now known as the Mohorovicic discontinuity |
| Ring of FIre | where many different plates meet |
| hot spot | volcanic areas far from plate boundaries |
| viscosity | is a substances resistance to flow |
| vent | an opening to the surface |
| pyroclastic material | particles produced in a volcanic eruptions |
| volcano | repeated eruptions of lava or pyroclastic material eventually build a mountain |
| crater | located at the summit of many volcanoes is a steep walled depression |
| shield volcano | are produced by the accumulation of fluid basaltic lavas |
| cinder cone | ejected lava fragments that harden in the air |
| composite volcano | us a large nearly symmetrical volcanic mountain |
| caldera | is a depression in a volcanic mountain |
| lahar | occurs when soaked volcanic ash and rock |
| pluton | the sturctures that result from the cooling and hardening of magma |
| sill | form only in shallow water |
| laccolith | is a lens shaped pluton that has pushed the overlying rock layers upward |
| dike | is a pluton that forms when magma moves into fractures |
| batholith | are the largest bodies of intrusive igneous rocks |
Created by:
2007703
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