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Chapter 8 & 10 Vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Earthquake | movements of the ground due to sudden release of energy |
| focus | point in earths interior where the earthquake occured |
| seismic waves | waves of energy released by an earthquake |
| epicenter | point on earths surface directly above the focus |
| elastic rebound | sudden return of deformed rock to unreformed shape |
| body waves | seismic waves that move through the inside of earth |
| P waves | Push-Pull body waves |
| S waves | Side- to - side body waves |
| surface waves | seismic waves that move on earths surface |
| seismograph | where all seismic waves that are recorded |
| seismogram | pen traces vibrations onto a moving drum of paper |
| Richter Scale | numerical scale based on height of largest seismic wave |
| Moment Magnitude Scale | more accurate as it measures the amount of energy released |
| Modified Mercalli Scale | Roman numeral scale that measures the intensity created by an earthquake |
| liquefaction | a phenomenon, sometimes associated with earthquakes, in which soils and other unconsolidated materials saturated with water and turned into a liquid that is not able to support buildings |
| tsunami | the Japanese word for a seismic wave |
| seismic gap | an area along a fault where there has not been any earthquake activity for a long period of time |
| crust | the thin, rocky outer ,layer of earth |
| mantle | the 2890-kilometer thick layer of earth located below the crust |
| outer core | a layer beneath the mantle about 2260 kilometers thick |
| inner core | the solid innermost layer of earth |
| Moho | the boundary separating the crust from the mantle |
| Ring of Fire | volcanic belt that rims the Pacific Ocean |
| hot spot | a concentration of heat in the mantle capable of producing magma |
| viscosity | a measure of a fluids resistance to flow |
| vent | an opening in the surface of earth through which molten rock and gases are released |
| pyroclastic material | the volcanic rock ejected during an eruption |
| volcano | a mountain formed of lava |
| crater | the depression at the summit of a volcano |
| shield volcano | a broad, gently sloping volcano built from fluid basaltic lava's |
| cinder cone | a small volcano built primarily of pyroclastic material ejected from a single vent |
| composite volcano | a volcano composed of both lava flows and pyroclastic material |
| caldera | a large depression typically caused by collapse or ejection of the summit area of a volcano |
| lahar | mudflow made up of water-soaked volcanic ash and rock |
| pluton | an intrusive igneous structure that results from the cooling and hardening of magma beneath the surface of the earth |
| sill | a tubular igneous body formed when magma is injected along sedimentary bedding surfaces |
| laccolith | a massive igneous body intruded between preexisting strata |
| dike | a tubular shaped intrusive igneous feature that occurs when magma is injected into fractures in the surrounding rock, cutting across preexisting rock layers |
| batholith | a large mass of igneous rock that formed when magma intruded at depth , became crystallized and subsequently was exposed by erosion |
Created by:
2008329
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