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chapter 8 & 10 vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| focus | point in earths interior where the earthquake occurred |
| seismic waves | waves of energy released by an earthquake |
| epicenter | point on earthś surface directly above the focus |
| elastic rebound | sudden return of deformed rock back to undeformed shape |
| body waves | seismic waves that move through the inside of the earth |
| P waves | push-pull body waves |
| S waves | side to side body waves |
| surface waves | seismic waves that move on earths surface |
| seismograph | all seismic waves are recorded |
| seismogram | pen traces vibrations onto a moving drum of paper |
| Richter Scale | numerical scale 1-? bases on height of largest seismic wave |
| Moment Magnitude Scale | more accurate as it measures the amount of energy releases |
| Modified Mercalli Scale | roman numeral scale that measures the intensity created by an earthquake |
| liquefaction | soil and rock are saturated with water, earthquake can cause a process |
| tsunami | is a wave formed when the ocean floor shifys suddenly during an earthquake |
| seismic gap | an area along a fault where there has not been any earthquakes activity for a long period of time |
| crust | the thin, rocky outer layer of Earth, is divided into oceanic and continental |
| mantle | a solid, rocky shell that extends to a depth of 2890 kilometers |
| outer core | is a liquid layer 2260 kilometers thick |
| inner core | compressed into a solid state by the immense immense |
| Moho | the Mohorovicic discontinuity, which is shorted to Moho; it is the boundary separating the crust from the mantle, discernible by an increase in the velocity of seismic waves |
| viscosity | a measure of a fluid´s resistance to flow |
| vent | an opening in the surface in the surface of Earth through which molten rock and gases are released |
| pyroclastic material | the volcanic rock ejected during an eruption, including ash, bombs, and blocks |
| volcano | a mountain formed of lava and/or pyroclastic material |
| crater | the depression at the summit of a volcano or that which is produced by meterorite impact |
| shield volcano | a broad, gently sloping volcano built from fluid basaltic lavas |
| ring of fire | volcano belt that rims the pacific ocean |
| hot spot | volcanic areas far from plate boundaries |
| cinder cone | explosive eruptions of granitic lava |
| shield volcano | quiet eruptions of basaltic lava |
| caldera | a large depression typically caused by collapse or ejection of the summit area of a volcano |
| lahar | mudflow made up of water-soaked volcanic ash or rock |
| pluton | an intrusive igneous structure that results from the cooling and hardening of magma beneath the surface of Earth |
| sill | a tabular body formed when magma is injected along sedimentary bedding surfaces |
| laccolith | a massive igneous body intruded between preexisting strata |
| dike | a tabular-shaped intrusive igneous feature that occurs when magma is injected into fractures in the surrounding rock, cutting across preexisting rock layers |
| batholith | a large mass of igneous rock that formed when magma intruded at depth, became crystallized, and subsequently was exposed by erosion |
| earthquake | movement of the ground due to sudden release of energy |
Created by:
2008293
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