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Chapter 8 and 10 voc
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Earthquake | Movements of the ground due to sudden release of energy. |
| Focus | The point within Earth where an earthquake starts. |
| Seismic waves | Waves of energy released by an earthquake. |
| Epicenter | Is the location on the surface directly above the focus. |
| Elastic rebound | Sudden return of deformed rock back to undeformed shape. |
| Body waves | Seismic waves that move through the inside (body) of Earth. |
| P waves | Push-Pull wave body waves. |
| S waves | Side-to-Side body waves. |
| Surface waves | It travels across the surface of the Earth as opposed to through it. |
| Seismograph | Where all seismic waves are recorded. |
| Seismogram | Pen traces vibrations onto a moving drum of paper. |
| Richter Scale | Numerical scale ( 1-?) based on height of largest seismic wave (magnitude). |
| Moment Magnitude Scale | Is used by seismologists to measure the size of earthquakes. |
| Modified Mercalli Scale | Roman numeral scale ( I - XII ) that measures the intensity (ground shaking) created by an earthquake. |
| Liquefaction | Where soil and rock are saturated with water, earthquakes can cause a process. |
| Tsunami | Is a wave formed when the ocean floor shifts suddenly during an earthquake. |
| Seismic gap | Is an area along a fault where there has not been any earthquake activity for a long period of time. |
| Crust | The thin, rocky outer layer of Earth, is divided into oceanic and continental crust. |
| Mantle | A solid, rocky shell that extends to a depth of 2890 kilometers. |
| Outer core | Is a liquid layer 2260 kilometers thick. |
| Inner core | Is a sphere having a radius of 1220 kilometers. |
| Moho | Mohorovicic - the name of the boundary is shortened. |
| Ring of Fire | Where many different plates meet. |
| Hot spot | Volcanic areas far from plate boundaries. |
| Viscosity | A substance's resistance to flow. |
| Vent | An opening to the surface that allows magma to escape. |
| Pyroclastic material | Particles produced in volcanic eruptions. |
| Volcano | Opening that allows magma to escape to the surface. |
| Crater | Located at the summit of many volcanoes is a steep-walled depression. |
| Shield Volcano | Produced by the accumulation of fluid basaltic lava. |
| Cinder cone | Ejected lava fragments that harden in the air. |
| Composite volcano | Is a large, nearly symmetrical volcanic mountain composed of layers of both lava and pyroclastic deposits. |
| Caldera | Is a depression in a volcano. |
| Lahar | Occurs when water-soaked volcanic ash and rock slide rapidly downhill. |
| Pluton | The structures that result from cooling and hardening of magma beneath Earth's surface. |
| Sill | Is a pluton that forms where magma forms between parallel layers of sedimentary rock. |
| Laccolith | A lens-shaped pluton that has pushed the overlying rock layers upward. |
| Dike | A pluton that forms when magma into fractures that cut across rock layers. |
| Batholith | A body of intrusive igneous rock that has a surface exposure of more than a 100 square kilometers. |
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