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Chapter 8 & 10 Vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Earthquakes | The vibration of earth produced by the rapid release of energy within the lithosphere |
| Focus | The point within earth where an earthquake starts |
| Seismic Waves | The energy released by the earthquake travels in all directions from the focus in the form |
| Epicenter | The location on the surface directly above the focus |
| Elastic Rebound | Sudden return of deformed rock back to underformed shape |
| Body Waves | Sesmic waves thay move through the inside (body) of earth |
| P Waves | Push Pull waves |
| S Waves | Side to side body waves |
| Surface Waves | Seismic waves that move on earths surface |
| Seismograph | An instrument that records seismic waves |
| Seismogram | The record made by a seismograph |
| Richter Scale | Numerical scale (1-7) based on height of largest sesmic wave magnitude |
| Moment Magnitude Scale | Derived from the amount of displacement that occurs along a fault |
| Modified Mercalli Scale | Roman numeral scale that measures the intensity (ground shaking) created by earth quake |
| Liquefaction | Where soil amd rock are rated with water earthwuakes can cause a process |
| Tsunami | The japanese word for sesmic waves |
| Seismic Gap | Is an area along a fault where there has not been any earthquake activity for a long period of time |
| Crust | The thin rocky outer layer of earth is divided into oceanic and continental crust |
| Mantle | A solid rocky shell that extends to a depth of 2890 kilometers |
| Outer Core | Is a liquid layer 2260 kilometers thick |
| Inner Core | A sphere having a radius of 1220 kilometers |
| Moho | Boundary seperating the crust from the mantle discernible by an increase in the velocity of sesmic waves |
| Ring of Fire | volcano belt that rims the pacific ocean |
| Hot Spot | A concentration of heat in the mantle capable of producing magma which raises to earths surface |
| Viscosity | A measure of a fluids resistance to flow |
| Vent | and opeaning in the surface of earth through which molten rock and gases released |
| Pyroclastic Material | Particles produced in volcanic eruptions |
| Volcano | Repeated eruptions of lava or pyroclastic material eventually build a mountain |
| Crater | Located at the summit of many volcanoes is a steep walled depression |
| Shield Volcano | Produced by the accumilation of fluid basaltic lavas |
| Cinder Cone | Ejected lava fragents that harden in the air build |
| Composite Volcano | Large nearly symmetrical volanic mountain composed of layers of both lava and pyroclastic deposits |
| Caldera | A deppresion in a volcanic mountain |
| Lahar | Occurs when water soaked volcanic ash and rock slide rapidly downhill |
| Pluton | The structure that results from cooling and hardeing of magma beneth Earths surface |
| Sill | Plutons that form when magma intrudes between rock layers close to the surface |
| Laccolith | A lens shaped pluton that has pushed the overlaying rock layers upward |
| Dike | A plutons that forms when magma into fractures that cur across rock layers |
| Batholith | Largest bodies of intrusive igneous rock |
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2009582
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