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Chapter 8 & 10 Vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Earthquake | The vibration of Earth produced by the rapid release of energy within the lithosphere. |
| Focus | The point within Earth where an Earthquake starts. |
| Seismic Waves | The form by which the energy released by the earthquake travels in all directions from the focus. |
| Epicenter | The location on the surface directly above the focus. |
| Elastic Rebound | Tendency for deformed rock along a fault to spring back to its original shape after an earthquake. |
| Body Waves | Seismic waves that move through the inside of the Earth, include primary & secondary. |
| P waves | Push-pull body waves. |
| S waves | Waves of energy released by an earthquake. |
| Surface Waves | Seismic waves that move on Earth's surface. |
| Seismograph | Where all seismic waves are recorded. |
| Seismogram | Pen traces vibrations onto a moving drum of paper |
| Richter Scale | Numerical scale based on height of largest seismic wave. |
| Moment Magnitude Scale | More accurate way of measuring the amount of energy released. |
| Modified Mercalli Scale | Roman numeral scale that measures the intensity created by an earthquake. |
| Liquefaction | Where soils and other unconsolidated materials saturated with water are turned into liquid that is not able to support buildings. |
| Tsunami | The Japanese word for seismic sea wave. |
| Seismic Graph | Vibrations that travel through Earth carrying energy released during an earthquake. |
| Crust | The thin, rocky outer layer of Earth. |
| Mantle | The thick layer of Earth located below the crust. |
| Outer Core | The layer beneath the mantle that contains liquid iron and generates Earth's magnetic field. |
| Inner Core | The solid innermost layer of Earth, about 1220 kilometers in radius. |
| Moho | The boundary separating the crust from the mantle, by an increase in the velocity of seismic waves. |
| Ring of Fire | Volcano belt that rims the Pacific |
| Hot Spot | A concentration of heat in the mantle which rises to Earths surface. |
| Viscosity | A measure of fluids resistance to flow. |
| Vent | An opening in the surface of Earth through which molten rock and gases are released. |
| Pyroclastic Material | The volcanic rock ejected during an eruption, including ash, bombs, and blocks. |
| Volcano | A mountain formed of lava and pyroclastic material. |
| Crater | The depression at the summit of a volcano which is produced by a meteorite impact. |
| Shield Volcano | A gently sloping volcano built from fluid basaltic lavas. |
| Cinder Cone | A small volcano built primarily of pyroclastic material ejected from a single vent. |
| Composite Volcano | Made up of many layers of lava, pumice, and ash. |
| Caldera | A large depression typically caused by a collapse or ejection of the summit area of a volcano. |
| Lahar | A mudflow made up of water-soaked volcanic and ash. |
| Pluton | An intrusive igneous structure that results from the cooling and hardening of magma beneath the surface of Earth. |
| Sill | An igneous body formed when magma is injected along sedimentary bedding surfaces. |
| Laccolith | A massive igneous body intruded between preexisting strata. |
| Dike | An intrusive igneous feature that occurs when magma is injected into fractures in the surrounding rock |
| Batholith | A large mass of igneous that formed when magma intruded at depth and was exposed by erosion |
Created by:
2008041
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