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chapter 8-10
term/def
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| earthquake | movements of the ground due to sudden release of energy |
| focus | point in earth's interior where the earthquake occurred |
| seismic waves | waves of energy released by an earth quake |
| epicenter | point on earth's surface directly above the focus |
| elastic rebound | sudden return of deformed rock back to undeformed shape |
| body waves | seismic waves that move through the inside (body) of earth |
| p waves | push-pull body waves |
| s waves | side-to-side body waves |
| surface waves | seismic waves that move on earth's surface |
| seismograph | all seismic waves are recorded on a |
| seismogram | pen traces vibrations onto a moving drum of a paper to create a |
| richter scale | numerical scale based on height of the largest seismic wave |
| moment magnitude scale | only useful for small, shallow quakes |
| modified mercalli scale | roman number scale that measure the intesity created by an earthquake |
| liquefaction | where soil and rock are saturated with water, earthquakes |
| tsunami | is a wave formed when the ocean floor shifts suddenly during an earthquake |
| seismic gap | an area along a fault where there has not been any earthquake activity for a long period of time |
| crust | thin, rocky outer layer of earths is divided into oceanic and continental |
| mantle | over 82% of earths volume is contained in the mantle a solid, rocky shell that extends to depth of 2890 kilometers |
| outer core | layer beneath the mantle about 2260 kilometers thick, liquid iron and generates earths magnetic field |
| inner core | are compressed into a solid state by the immense pressure |
| moho | is the boundary separating the crust from the mantle, discernible by an increase in the the velocity of seismic waves |
| ring of fire | volcano belt that rims the pacific ocean |
| hot spot | volcanic areas far from plate boundaries |
| viscosity | a measure of fluids resistance to flow |
| vent | an opening in the surface of earth through which molten rock and gasses and released |
| pyroclastic material | the volcanic rock ejected during an eruption including ash bombs and blocks |
| volcano | opening that allows magma to escape to the surface |
| crater | the depression at the summit of a volcano or that which is produced by a meteorite impact |
| shield volcano | a broad gently sloping volcano built from fluid basaltic lavas |
| cinder cone | a small volcano built primarily of pyroclastic material ejected from a single vent |
| composite volcano | composed of and pyroclastic both lava flows material |
| caldera | large depression typically caused by collapes or ejection of the summit area of a volcano |
| lahar | mudflow made up of water-soaked volcanic ash and rock |
| plution | intrusive igneous structure that results from the cooling and hardening of magma beneath the surface of earth |
| sill | igneous body formed when magma is injected along sedimentary bedding surfaces |
| laccolith | a massive igneous body intruded between preexisting strata |
| dike | tabular-shaped intrusive igneous feature that occurs when magma is injected into fractures in the surrounding rocks, cutting across preexisting rock layers |
| batholith | a large mass of igneous rock that formed when magma intruded at depth, became crystallized, and subsequently was exposed by erosion |
Created by:
2007903
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