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Chapter 8 & 10 vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Earthquake | Movements of the ground due to sudden release of energy |
| Focus | Point in Earth's interior where the earthquake occured |
| Seismic Waves | Waves of energy released by an earthquake |
| Epicenter | Point on Earth's surface directly above the focus |
| Elastic Rebound | Sudden return of rock back to undeformed shape |
| Body Waves | Seismic waves that move through the inside (body) |
| P Waves | Push-Pull body waves |
| S Waves | Side to Side body waves |
| Surface Waves | Include side to side and rolling elliptical waves, cause most of the damage done by earthquakes |
| Seismograph | What seismic waves are recorded on |
| Seismogram | Pen traces vibration onto a moving drum of paper to create a seismogram |
| Richter Scale | Numerical scale ( 1-? ) based on height of largest seismic wave (magnitude ) |
| Moment Magnitude Scale | Measures the amount of energy released |
| Modified Mercalli Scale | Roman numeral scale ( I - XII ) that measures the intensity ( ground shaking) created by an earthquake |
| Liquefaction | When soil and rock are saturated with water |
| Tsunami | A wave formed when the ocean floor shifts suddenly during an earthquake |
| Seismic Gap | An area along a fault where there has not been any earthquake activity for a long period of time |
| Crust | The thin, rocky outer layer of Earth, is divided into oceanic and continental crust. |
| Mantle | A solid, rocky layer that extends to a depth of 2'890 kilometers. Over 82 percent of Earth's volume is contained here |
| Outer Core | A liquid layer 2'260 kilometers thick. The flow of metallic iron within this zone generates Earth's magnetic field. |
| Inner Core | A sphere that has a radius of 1'220 kilometers. This part of the core has high temperatures |
| Moho | The discontinuity between the crust and mantle of earth |
| Ring of Fire | The long belt of volcanoes that circle much of the Pacific Ocean |
| Hot Spot | A concentration of heat in the mantle capable of producing magma, which rises to Earth's surface |
| Viscosity | A substance's resistance to flow |
| Vent | An opening to the surface |
| Pyroclastic Material | Particles produced in volcanic eruptions |
| Volcano | Repeated eruptions of lava or pyroclastic material that build a mountain |
| Crater | A steep- walled depression |
| Shield Volcano | Produced by the accumulation of fluid basaltic lavas |
| Cinder Cone | ejected lava fragments that harden in the air |
| Composite Volcano | A large, nearly symmetrical volcanic mountain composed of layers of both lava and pyroclastic deposits |
| Caldera | A depression in a volcanic mountain |
| Lahar | When water- soaked volcanic ash and rock slide rapidly downhill |
| Pluton | The structures that result from the cooling and hardening of magma beneath Earth's surface |
| Sill | A pluton that forms where magma flows between parallel layers of sedimentary rock |
| Laccolith | A lens-shaped pluton that has pushed the overlying rock layers upward |
| Dike | A pluton that forms when magma moves into fractures that cut across rock layers |
| Batholith | A body of instrusive igneous rock that has a surface exposure of more than 100 square kilometers |
Created by:
2007858
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