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Chapter 8 & 10 Vocab

TermDefinition
Earthquake A sudden and violent shaking of the ground, sometimes causing great destruction, as a result of movements within the Earths crust or volcanic action.
Focus The point of origin of an earthquake.
Seismic Waves An elastic wave in the Earth produced by an earthquake or other means.
Epicenter The point on the Earths surface vertically above the focus of an earthquake.
Elastic Rebound Is an explanation for how energy is released during an earthquake.
Body Waves A soft, light permanent wave designed to give hair fullness.
P Waves A longitudinal earthquake wave that travels through the interior of the earth and is usually the first conspicuous wave to be recorded by a seismograph.
S Waves In seismology, S-waves, secondary waves, or shear waves are a type of elastic wave, and are one of the two main types of elastic body waves, so named because they move through the body of an object, unlike surface waves
Surface Waves Surface waves usually have larger amplitudes and longer wavelengths than body waves, and they travel more slowly than body waves do.
Seismogram A record produced by a seismograph.
Richter Scale A numerical scale for expressing the magnitude of an earthquake on the basis of seismograph oscillations.
Moment Magnitude Scale
Modified Mercalli Scale
Liquefaction
Tsunami A long high sea wave caused by an earthquake, submarine landslide, or other disturbance.
Seismic Gap
Crust The outermost layer of rock of which a planet consists, especially the part of Earth above the mantle.
Mantle The region of the earth's interior between the crust and the core, believed to consist of hot, dense silicate rocks.
Outer Core The outer core of the Earth is a fluid layer about 2,300 km (1,400 mi) thick and composed of mostly iron and nickel that lies above Earth's solid inner core and below its mantle.
Inner Core The Earth's inner core is the Earth's innermost part. It is primarily a solid ball.
Moho short for Mohorovičić discontinuity.
Ring Of Fire The Ring of Fire is a major area in the basin of the Pacific Ocean where a large number of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions occur.
Hot Spot A small area or region with a relatively hot temperature in comparison to its surroundings.
Viscosity A quantity expressing the magnitude of internal friction, as measured by the force per unit area resisting a flow in which parallel layers unit distance apart have unit speed relative to one another.
Vent The opening of a volcano, through which lava and other materials are emitted.
Pyroclastic Material
Volcano A mountain or hill, typically conical, having a crater or vent through which lava, rock fragments, hot vapor, and gas are being or have been erupted from the earth's crust.
Crater A large, bowl-shaped cavity in the ground or on the surface of a planet or the moon, typically one caused by an explosion or the impact of a meteorite or other celestial body.
Shield Volcano
Cinder Cone A cone formed around a volcanic vent by fragments of lava thrown out during eruptions.
Composite Volcano
Caldera A large volcanic crater, typically one formed by a major eruption leading to the collapse of the mouth of the volcano.
Lahar A destructive mud flow on the slopes of a volcano.
Pulton
Still
Laccolith A mass of igneous rock, typically lens-shaped, that has been intruded between rock strata causing uplift in the shape of a dome.
Dike A long wall or embankment built to prevent flooding from the sea.
Batholith A very large igneous intrusion extending deep in the earth's crust.
Seismograph An instrument that measures and records details of earthquakes, such as force and duration.
Created by: 3001400
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