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chapter 8 and 10

TermDefinition
earthquake a sudden and violent shaking of the ground, sometimes causing great destruction, as a result of movements within the earth's crust or volcanic action.
focus the point of origin of an earthquake.
seismic waves an elastic wave in the earth produced by an earthquake or other means.
epicenter the point on the earth's surface vertically above the focus of an earthquake.
elastic rebound a theory of earthquakes that envisages gradual deformation of the fault zone without fault slippage until friction is overcome
body waves a soft, light permanent wave designed to give hair fullness
p waves a longitudinal earthquake wave that travels through the interior of the earth and is usually the first conspicuous wave to be recorded by a seismograph.
s waves a transverse earthquake wave that travels through the interior of the earth and is usually the second conspicuous wave to reach a seismograph.
surface waves a seismic wave that travels along or parallel to the earth's surface
seismograph any of various instruments for measuring and recording the vibrations of earthquakes.
seismogram a record made by a seismograph.
richter scale a scale, ranging from 1 to 10, for indicating the intensity of an earthquake.
moment magnitude scale a logarithmic scale of 1 to 10 (a successor to the Richter scale) that enables seismologists to compare the energy released by different earthquakes on the basis of the area of the geological fault that ruptured in the quake
modified mercalli scale a measure of earthquake intensity with 12 divisions
liquefaction the act or process of liquefying or making liquid.
tsunami an unusually large sea wave produced by a seaquake or undersea volcanic eruption.
seismic gap the part of an active fault that has experienced little or no seismic activity for a long period, indicating the buildup of stresses that are useful in predicting earthquakes.
crust form into a hard outer layer.
mantle inner part of the earth
outer core inner part of the earth past the mantale
inner core inner most part of the earth past the outer core
moho the discontinuity between the crust and the mantle of the earth, occurring at depths that average about 22 miles (35 km) beneath the continents and about 6 miles (10 km) beneath the ocean floor.
ring of fire the linear zone of seismic and volcanic activity that coincides in general with the margins of the Pacific Plate.
hot spot an area hotter than the surrounding surface, as on the shell of a furnace.
viscosity measure of fluids resistance to flow
vent an opening at the earth's surface from which volcanic material, as lava, steam, or gas, is emitted.
pyroclastic material
volcano
crater
shield volcano
cinder core
composite volcano
caldera
lahar
pluton
sill
laccolith
dike
bathoilth
Created by: 2008724
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