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Chapter 8 & 10 Vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Earthquake | Movements of the ground due to sudden release of energy. |
| Focus | Point in Earth's interior where the earthquake occured. |
| Seismic Waves | Waves of energy released by an earthquake. |
| Epicenter | Point on Earth's surface directly above all focus. |
| Elastic Rebound | Sudden returns of deformed rock back to underformed shape |
| Body Waves | Seismic waves that move through the inside (body) of Earth. |
| P Waves | Push-pull waves |
| S Waves | side-to-side body waves |
| Surface Waves | Seismic waves that move on Earth's surface. |
| Seismograph | All seismic waves are recorded on this. |
| Seismogram | Height of lines is a measure of the energy released. |
| Richter Scale | Numerical scale (1-?) based on height of largest seismic wave (magnitude) |
| Moment Magnitude Scale | Only use for small shallow earthquake. |
| Modified Mercalli Scale | Roman numeral scale (1-12) that measures the intinsity (ground shake) created by an earthquake. |
| Liquefaction | What had been stable suddenly turns into liquid. |
| Tsunami | A wave formed when the ocean floor shifts suddenly during an earthquake. |
| Seismic Gap | Segment of an active fault. |
| Crust | The thin, rocky outer layer of Earth, is divided into oceanic and contenental crust. |
| Mantle | A solid, rocky shell that extends to a depth of 2890 kilometers |
| Outer Core | A liquid layer 2260 kilometers thick. |
| Inner Core | Is a sphere having a radius of 1220 kilometers. |
| Moho | This boundary that separates the crust from the underlying mantle. |
| Ring Of Fire | Where many different plates meet. |
| Hot Spot | Volcanic areas far from plate boundaries |
| Viscosity | A substance's resistance to flow. |
| Vent | Allows magma to escape to the surface. |
| Pyroclastic Material | Particles produced in volcanic eruptions. |
| Volcano | Opening (vent) that allows magma to escape to the surface. |
| Crater | Located at the summit of many volcanoes is a steep-walled depression. |
| Shield Volcano | Produced by the accumulation of fluid basaltic lavas. |
| Cinder Cone | Explosive eruptions of granatic lava. |
| Composite Volcano | A large, nearly symmetrical volcanic mountain composed of layers of both lava and pyroclastic deposits |
| Caldera | Volcanic landform. |
| Lahar | Water soaked volcanic ash and rock slide rapidly downhill |
| Pluton | The structures that result from the cooling and hardening of magma beneath Earth's surface |
| Sill | A pluton that forms where magma flows between parallel layers of sedimentary rock. |
| Laccolith | A lens-shaped pluton that has pushed the overlying rock layers upward. |
| Dike | A pluton that forms when magma moves into fractures that cut across rock layers. |
| Batholith | Largest bodies of intrusive igneous rock. |
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2005933
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