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Chapter 8&10 Vocab

TermDefinition
Earthquake Movements of the ground due to sudden release of energy.
Focus Point in Earth's interior where the earthquake occured.
Seismic Waves Waves of energy released by an earthquake.
Epic Center Point on Earth's surface directly above the focus.
Elastic Rebound Sudden return of deformed rock back to undeformed shape.
Body waves Seismic waves that move through the inside(body) of Earth.
P waves Push-pull body waves.
S Waves Side to side body waves.
Surface Waves Seismic waves that move on Earths surface.
Seismograph All seismic waves are recorded on seismograph.
Seismogram Pen traces vibrations onto moving drum of paper to create seismogram.
Richter Scale Numerical scale (1-7) based on height of largest seismic wave ( magnitude).
Moment Magnitude Scale Only useful for small, shallow quakes.
Modified Mercalli Scale Roman numeral scale that measures the intensity ( ground Shaking) created by an earthquake.
Liquefaction A phenomenon, sometimes associated with earthquakes, in which soils and other unconsolidated materials saturated with water are turned into a liquid that is not able to support buildings.
Tsunami Is a wave formed when the ocean floor shifts suddenly during an earthquake.
Seismic Gap Is an area along a fault where there has not been any earthquake activity for a long period time.
Crust The thin, rocky outer layer of Earth, is divided into oceanic and continental crust,
Mantle A solid, rocky shell that extends to a depth of 2890 kilometers.
Outer Core Is a layer 2260 kilometers thick.
Inner Core Is a sphere having a radius a 1220 kilometers.
Moho The name of the boundary is usually shortened to Moho.
Ring of Fire Most volcano's and earthquake are concentrated along the edge of the Pacific Ocean.
Hot Spot Volcanic areas far from plate boundaries.
Viscosity A measure of a fluid's resistance to flow.
Vent An opening in the surface of Earth through which molten rock and gases are released.
pyroclastic Material The volcanic rock ejected during an eruption, including ash, bombs,and blocks.
Volcano A mountain formed of lava and/or pyroclastic material.
Crater A large depression typically caused by collapse or ejection of the summit area of a volcano.
Shield volcano A broad, gently sloping volcano built from fluid basaltic lavas.
Cinder cone A small volcano built primarily of pyroclastic material ejected from a single vent.
Composite Volcano A volcano composed both lava flows and pyroclastic material.
Caldera A large depression typically caused by collapse or ejection of the summit area of a volcano.
Lahar Mudflow made up of water-soaked volcanic ash and rock.
Pluton An intrusive igneous structure that results from the cooling and hardening of magma beneath the surface of Earth.
Sill A tabular igneous body formed when magma is injected along sedimentary bedding surfaces.
Laccolith A massive igneous body intruded between preexisting strata.
Dike A tabular-shaped intrusive igneous feature that occurs when magma is injected into fractures in the surrounding rock, cutting across preexisting rock layers.
Batholith A large mass of igneous rock that formed when magma intruded at depth, became crystallized, and subquently was exposed by erosion, batholiths have a surface exposure greater than 100 square kilometers.
Created by: 20058987
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