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chapter 8+10
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| earthquake | movements of the ground due to sudden release of energy |
| focus | point in earths interior where the earthquake occurred |
| seismic waves | waves of energy released by an earthquake |
| epicenter | point of earths surface directly above the focus |
| elastic rebound | sudden return of deformed rock back to undeformed shape |
| body waves | seismic waves that move through the inside of earth |
| P waves | push pull body waves |
| S waves | side to side body waves |
| surface waves | seismic waves that move on earths surface |
| seismograph | pen traces vibrations onto a moving drum of paper to create a seismograph |
| seismogram | record produced by a seismograph |
| Richer Scale | numerical scale based on high of largest seismicgraph |
| Moment Magnitude Scale | more accurate as it measures the amount of energy released |
| Modified Mercalli Scale | roman numeral scale that measures the intensity ground shaking creating created by an earth quake |
| liquefaction | phenomenon sometimes associate with earthquakes in which soils and other unconsolidated materials saturated with water are turned into a liquid that is not able to support buildings |
| tsunami | wave formed when the ocean floor shifts suddenly during an earthquake |
| seismic graph | a graph that reads how big an earthquake is |
| crust | thin rocky outer layer of earth |
| mantle | solid rocky shell that extends to a depth of 2890 kilometers |
| outer core | produce magnetic field |
| inner core | compressed into a solid state by the immense pressure |
| Moho | boundary that separates the crust from the underlying mantle |
| Ring of Fire | major area in the basin of the Pacific Ocean where a large number of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions occur |
| hot spot | volcanic areas far from plate boundaries |
| viscosity | fluid is a measure of its resistance to gradual deformation by shear stress or tensile stress |
| vent | a opening that alows magma to escape |
| pyroclastic material | name for a cloud of ash |
| volcano | opening that lets magma to escape to the earths surface |
| crater | funnel shaped pit formed when pyrocastic material is b;owen out of a volcano |
| shield volcano | quiet eruptions of basaltic lava |
| cinder cone | explosive eruptions of granitic lava |
| composite volcano | combination of forms 1 and 2 |
| caldera | when magma chamber empties cone can collapse to form a caldera |
| lahar | destructive mudflow on the slopes of a volcano |
| pluton | body of intrusive igneous rock |
| sill | tabular sheet intrusion that has intruded between older layers of sedimentary rock, beds of volcanic lava or tuff, or along the direction of foliation in metamorphic rock |
| laccolith | sheet intrusion that has been injected between two layers of sedimentary rock |
| dike | ditch or watercourse |
| batholith | large mass of intrusive igneous rock that forms from cooled magma deep in the Earth's crust |
Created by:
2007960
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