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bio 7th ed ch4
Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Carbon | accounts for the large diversity of biological molecule |
| organic chemistry | the study of carbon compounds (building blocks) |
| vitalism | 1800's belief in a life force outside of the jurisdiction of physical and chemical laws. inorganic chem disproved it within a few decades. |
| Stanley Miller | 1953 grad student at u of chicago- tested whether organic compounds could develop from earth at creation (evolution) Fig 4.2 pg 59(Look at it to understand) |
| mechanism | physcial and chemical laws governall natural phenomenon and life processes. |
| hydrocarbons | organic molecules consisting of only hydrogen and carbon |
| isomers | compounds that have the same number of atoms of the same elements but that have different structures and properties |
| structural isomers | differ in the covalent arrangements of their atoms. Variations of elements. Bonds can also be in different places. |
| geometric isomers | have the same covalent partnerships but differ in their spatial arrangements. single bonds can rotate, but double bonds dont |
| enantiomers | isomers that are mirror images of each other. |
| cis vs trans isomer | see figure 4.7 pg 62x's on one side cisopposite trans |
| functional group | a specific configuration of atoms commonly attatched to the carbon skeletons of organic molecules and usually involve chemican reactions. |
| hydroxel group | (-OH)bonds to carbon skeleton of organic molecule. NAME: alcoholEX EthanolFunctional: polar b/c electrons spend time with electronegative o atomcan form h bonds with water and dissolve organic compounds like sugar |
| carbonyl | (>CO) carbon joined to an atom bond by a double bond.NAME: Ketones=if the carbonyl group is within a carbon skeletonAldehydes: If the carboxyl group is at the end of the carbon skeleton.Ex. acetone, propanol |
| carboxyl | (-COOH) O double bond to carbon atom which is bonded to an -OH groupName:carboxylic acids/organic acidsex acetic acid |
| amino | (-NH2) N bonded to 2 h atoms and the carbon skeletonEX aminesEx Glycine |
| Sulfhydryl | sulfer bonded to hname: thiolsex cysteine |
| phosphate | phosphorous 4 O's(1 bonded to carbon skeleton)name:organic phosphatesEX glycerol phosphate |
| methyl | carbon, 3 H atomsname:Methylated compoundsex 5-methyl cytidine |
| ATP | pg 66 |
Created by:
Megan Fitz
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